Comparison of Croup Management Patterns between Pediatricians and Emergency Medicine Physicians: A Single Pediatric Emergency Department Study.

: With the advent of the field of pediatric emergency medicine, studies on the differences in treatment patterns between pediatricians and emergency medicine (EM) physicians in various pediatric conditions have been accumulating. This study aimed to compare croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis) management patterns between pediatricians and EM physicians to enhance pediatric emergency care and inform the training of future specialists. : A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for 1676 previously healthy children diagnosed with croup who visited a single pediatric emergency department (PED) of a tertiary university-affiliated hospital in South Korea, from March 2019 to February 2023.

COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV in Children and Adults: A Clinical Comparative Study of 12,000 Cases.

(1) Respiratory virus infections, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), seasonal influenza (FLU), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as prominent examples, can severely affect both children and adults. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of respiratory viral infections in pediatric and adult populations and to identify determinants influencing patient hospitalization. (2) This retrospective study analyzed the electronic medical records of patients admitted to a regional hospital's emergency department from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022, to investigate the clinical characteristics and hospitalization risk factors associated with these three viruses.

Characteristics of pediatric emergency department visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.

Objective: : As of 2018, approximately 1.2 million pediatric patients visited emergency departments (EDs) in Korea, showing a steady increase. Given the distinct differences between children and adults, it is vital to examine the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients visiting the ED.

Efficacy of Non-Enhanced Brain Computed Tomography in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Headache after COVID-19 Vaccination.

Headaches are a common side effect of vaccination against the severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2; however, it is usually not necessary to seek emergency medical attention or undergo brain imaging such as non-enhanced brain computed tomography (CT) for routine evaluation of vaccine-related headaches. This study aimed to demonstrate that brain CT is of no clinical benefit to patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination headaches. This retrospective, single-center observational study used electronic medical record (EMR) data of patients who received the COVID-19 vaccination during the first year of the vaccination program.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department utilization patterns in South Korea: A retrospective observational study.

The purpose of analyzing changes in the use of emergency departments (EDs) was to better understand how to use ED resources efficiently during infectious disease outbreaks.Our study was a retrospective observational study. We analyzed the patterns of visits of adult and pediatric patients to separate EDs during 2020 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak to know the changes in the ED utilization.

Effectiveness of the implementation of pediatric intussusception clinical pathway: A pre- and postintervention trial.

Intussusception is common among children at the pediatric emergency department (ED) with acute abdomen. Diagnosis and treatment delay remain a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of intussusception clinical pathways (CPs) implementation, including bedside point-of-care ultrasonography, on patient management in a pediatric ED.

Comparison of standard and alternative methods for chest compressions in a single rescuer infant CPR: A prospective simulation study.

Objective: The aims of this study were to develop a novel three-finger chest compression technique (pinch technique; PT) and an assistive device chest compression technique (plate-assisted technique; PAT) and compare these techniques with conventional techniques.

Design: Prospective, crossover manikin study.

Setting: Pediatric emergency department at a tertiary care academic center.

Efficacy of low-dose nebulized epinephrine as treatment for croup: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Objective: Croup treatment usually involves a single dose of systemic dexamethasone combined with nebulized epinephrine. However, the optimal dose of l-epinephrine remains unclear. We examined whether a low dose (0.

The difference of Use of CT in the general versus pediatric emergency departments for adolescent patients in the same tertiary hospital.

Objective: The use of computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients has decreased since the association between radiation and cancer risk has been reported. However, in adolescent patients being treated as adult patients, there has been a high incidence of CT use in emergency departments (EDs). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the CT use in adolescent patients with complaints of headache or abdominal pain in the general and pediatric EDs of the same hospital.

Two-Thumb Encircling Technique With a Novel Compression Assist Device Provides Safe and Effective Chest Compressions in Infants.

Objective: Currently, 2-thumb encircling technique is recommended in 2-rescuer infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, many complications can occur during CPR. Therefore, we developed a novel compression assist device (Reheart) that can reduce chest compression area and determined whether using our device provides better compression quality.

A survey on the perception and attitude change of first-line healthcare providers after child abuse education in South Korea: A pilot study.

We had designed an educational program for early reporting of suspected child abuse for healthcare providers in South Korea. The purpose of study was to evaluate the effectiveness of education program for health care providers as pilot study. The educational program consisted of two 2-hour-long didactic lectures and was held at 15 hospitals between July and December 2016.

Development of screening tool for child abuse in the korean emergency department: Using modified Delphi study.

Mandatory reporting rate of suspected child abuse by health care provider is relatively low in South Korea. The purpose of the study was to develop a screening tool for child abuse and evaluate the feasibility of using this screening tool in emergency department (ED) of South Korea. Injured children younger than 14 years old in the ED were enrolled as subjects to use this screening tool.

Transition patients: Adults with chronic pediatric disorder presenting to a tertiary pediatric emergency department in Korea.

The primary objective was to evaluate the characteristics of adults (≥18 years old) with chronic pediatric disorders (transition patients) who visited the pediatric emergency department (PED). The secondary objective was to determine the associated factors for their admission.This study was a retrospective chart review of transition patients seen at a large, urban PED in Korea from 2010 to 2015.

Validation of the mid-arm-based weight estimation formula (the Cattermole formula) for Korean children.

Background: A mid-arm circumference-based weight estimation formula has recently been proposed. The Cattermole formula, which is suggested for children aged 1-11 years, is calculated as (mid-arm circumference in cm - 10) × 3 kg. The objective of this study was to externally validate the Cattermole formula using a Korean national survey database.

Quality improvement activity for improving pain management in acute extremity injuries in the emergency department.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a quality improvement activity for pain management in patients with extremity injury in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This was a retrospective interventional study. The patient group consisted of those at least 19 years of age who visited the ED and were diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases codes S40-S99 (extremity injuries).

Educational Effectiveness of an Easily Made New Simulator Model for Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access and Foreign Body Management Procedures on Pediatric Patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to introduce an easily made chicken breast simulator for ultrasound (US)-guided vascular access, foreign body (FB) detection, and hydrodissection in pediatric patients and to validate the effectiveness for training using this phantom tissue model.

Methods: The authors made the tissue phantom simulator using a chicken breast and rubber tourniquet for vascular access and fragments of a tongue blade and steel clip for FB detection and hydrodissection using a very simple method. We provided training on US-guided vascular access (following the tip [FTT] method), FB detection, and hydrodissection using this model for novice physicians to learn US-guided procedures for pediatric patients.

Long-term changes in computed tomography and ultrasound utilization in a pediatric emergency department.

Objective: Many studies have proposed reducing unnecessary use of computed tomography (CT), and ongoing studies in pediatric populations are aiming to decrease radiation dosages whenever possible. We aimed to evaluate the long-term changes in the utilization patterns of CT and ultrasound (US) in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs).

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the electronic medical data of patients who underwent CT and/or US in the PED of a tertiary referral hospital from 2000 to 2014.

Validation of the "Pain Block" concrete ordinal scale for children aged 4 to 7 years.

Pain scales using faces are commonly used tools for assessing pain in children capable of communicating. However, some children require other types of pain scales because they have difficulties in understanding faces pain scales. The goal of this study was to develop and validate the "Pain Block" concrete ordinal scale for 4- to 7-year-old children.

Clinical Decision Rule to Identify Orbital Wall Fracture Among Children: Retrospective Derivation and Validation Study.

Objectives: Head and face injuries are leading causes of emergency department visits in children. There is yet no clinical decision rule on face CT such as pediatric head CT rules. The goal was to develop and validate a clinical decision rule for identifying orbital wall fractures in children with periorbital trauma in the emergency department.

The Impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak on Trends in Emergency Department Utilization Patterns.

Changes occurred in the patterns of utilization of emergency medical services during the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak. The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of adult and pediatric patients who visited the emergency department (ED) during the outbreak. This retrospective study was conducted by analyzing changes in the patterns of visits among adult and pediatric patients in the ED at one tertiary teaching hospital in Korea.