Calcium signalling and breast cancer.

The past two decades have seen the identification of important roles for calcium signalling in many of the hallmarks of cancer. One of the cancer types that has been a particular focus of such studies is breast cancer. The breast is intrinsically linked to the calcium ion due to the importance of milk calcium in neonatal growth and development.

Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute-Onset Ischemic Stroke - beyond the Standard Time Windows: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.

Endovascular thrombectomy following an acute ischemic stroke can lead to improved functional outcome when performed early. Current guidelines suggest treatment within 6 h after symptom onset. Recent studies including the DEFUSE-3 and DAWN trials demonstrate that some patients may benefit from thrombectomy up to 16 and 24 h after symptom onset, respectively.

High-performance nanomaterials formed by rigid yet extensible cyclic β-peptide polymers.

Organisms have evolved biomaterials with an extraordinary convergence of high mechanical strength, toughness, and elasticity. In contrast, synthetic materials excel in stiffness or extensibility, and a combination of the two is necessary to exceed the performance of natural biomaterials. We bridge this materials property gap through the side-chain-to-side-chain polymerization of cyclic β-peptide rings.

Acute and rapid degradation of endogenous proteins by Trim-Away.

Protein depletion is a key approach to understanding the functions of a protein in a biological system. We recently developed the Trim-Away approach in order to rapidly degrade endogenous proteins without prior modification. Trim-Away is based on the ubiquitin ligase and Fc receptor TRIM21, which recognizes antibody-bound proteins and targets them for degradation by the proteasome.

Synthesis of a Base-Stabilized Silicon(I)-Iron(II) Complex for Hydroboration of Carbonyl Compounds.

The reaction of the amidinatosilicon(I) dimer [LSi:] (1; L = PhC(N tBu)) with FeBr in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at ambient temperature afforded the silicon(I)-iron(II) dimer [LSi(FeBr·THF)] (2) after 40 h. Compound 2 can catalyze hydroboration of aliphatic and aromatic ketone compounds with HBpin in the absence of any strong reducing agent. Mechanistic studies show that complex 2 reacts with ketone compounds to form a zwitterionic intermediate in the first step of catalysis.

Single Leaflet Device Attachment Complicating Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Repair of the Tricuspid Valve Using the MitraClip.

A 72-year-old woman with severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation secondary to chronic atrial fibrillation presented with refractory heart failure despite optimal medical treatment. She was considered inoperable, and thus underwent transcatheter edge-to-edge repair of both valves using the MitraClip system as a compassionate use.

Observation of the 1S-2P Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen.

In 1906, Theodore Lyman discovered his eponymous series of transitions in the extreme-ultraviolet region of the atomic hydrogen spectrum. The patterns in the hydrogen spectrum helped to establish the emerging theory of quantum mechanics, which we now know governs the world at the atomic scale. Since then, studies involving the Lyman-α line-the 1S-2P transition at a wavelength of 121.

Synthesis of a Dimeric Base-Stabilized Cobaltosilylene Complex for Catalytic C-H Bond Functionalization and C-C Bond Formation.

The synthesis of a dimeric base-stabilized cobaltosilylene complex and its catalytic reactions are described. Treatment of the amidinato silicon(I) dimer [LSi:] (1; L=PhC(NtBu) ) with CoBr in toluene for 10 days afforded the dimeric amidinato cobaltosilylene [(LSi)μ-{CoBr(LSiBr)}] (2), which is speculated to proceed via "LSiCoBr" and "LSiBr" intermediates in the reaction. Compound 2 is paramagnetic, with an effective magnetic moment of 2.

Palladium-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Sulfoximines with Aryl Sulfonates.

Palladium-catalyzed C-N bond coupling reaction between NH-sulfoximines and aryl halides (e.g., -Br, -I, and -Cl and pseudohalides -OTf and -ONf) was successfully achieved.

Long-term cost-effectiveness of a Patient Empowerment Programme for type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of a Patient Empowerment Programme (PEP) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in primary care.

Materials And Methods: PEP participants were subjects with type 2 DM who enrolled into PEP in addition to enrolment in the Risk Assessment and Management Programme for DM (RAMP-DM) at primary care level. The comparison group was subjects who only enrolled into RAMP-DM without participating in PEP (non-PEP).

Thermal plasticity due to parental and early-life environments in the jacky dragon (Amphibolurus muricatus).

Developmental plasticity creates marked variation in individual phenotypes when the environment is patchy, such as when the thermal environment varies. Plasticity may occur in response to the environment experienced during an individual's lifetime or to the environment experienced by parents (transgenerational plasticity), and may be adaptive if it enhances fitness. In particular, plasticity in thermal traits, such as preferred temperatures and thermal limits, may improve performance and fitness based on temperatures in the local environment.

Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Polyfluoroarenes for Accessing Tetra- ortho-Substituted Biaryls: Buchwald-type Ligand Having Complementary -PPh Moiety Exhibits Better Efficiency.

The first general examples of direct C-H arylation of electron-deficient polyfluoroarenes with challenging di- ortho-substituted aryl(heteroaryl) chlorides for tetra- ortho-substituted biaryl synthesis are reported. Key to success is the use of Buchwald-type biaryl phosphine ligand, notably with inexpensive -PPh moiety (instead of -PCy group). Pd(OAc) associated with ligand L9 exhibits even higher efficiency than the corresponding SPhos toward this reaction.

A General Palladium-Phosphine Complex To Explore Aryl Tosylates in the N-Arylation of Amines: Scope and Limitations.

The scope and limitations of the monoselective N-arylation of various amines by using aryl and hetaryl tosylates are presented. The air-stable and easily accessible Pd(OAc) /CM-phos {CM-phos=2-[2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole}catalyst system was able to deal with a wide range of aryl tosylate substrates as well as amine nucleophiles, including primary and secondary cyclic/acyclic aliphatic amines and anilines. NH-Bearing heterocycles such as indole, carbazole, pyrrole, 10-phenothiazine, and 10-phenoxazine were shown to be feasible coupling partners under this catalytic system.

B-H Bond Activation by an Amidinate-Stabilized Amidosilylene: Non-Innocent Amidinate Ligand.

The activation of B-H and B-Cl bonds in boranes by base-stabilized low-valent silicon compounds is described. The reaction of the amidinato amidosilylene-borane adduct [L{Ar(MeSi)N}SiBH] [1; L = PhC(N tBu), and Ar = 2,6- iPrCH] with MeOTf in toluene at room temperature formed [L{Ar(MeSi)N}SiBHOTf] (2). [LSiN(SiMe)Ar] in compound 2 then underwent a B-H bond activation with BHOTf in refluxing toluene to afford the B-H bond activation product [LB(H)Si(H)(OTf){N(SiMe)Ar}] (3).

Glycated hemoglobin A1c as a screening test for detecting type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese children and adolescents.

Background: The diagnostic cutoff points for indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the pediatric population have not been defined thus far.

Methods: A retrospective, single-center study was conducted from April 2003 to May 2016. We enrolled 236 overweight or obese children and adolescents aged 4-17 years.

Characterization of the 1S-2S transition in antihydrogen.

In 1928, Dirac published an equation that combined quantum mechanics and special relativity. Negative-energy solutions to this equation, rather than being unphysical as initially thought, represented a class of hitherto unobserved and unimagined particles-antimatter. The existence of particles of antimatter was confirmed with the discovery of the positron (or anti-electron) by Anderson in 1932, but it is still unknown why matter, rather than antimatter, survived after the Big Bang.

The prevalence of brain abnormalities in boys with central precocious puberty may be overestimated.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely performed to identify brain lesions in boys with central precocious puberty (CPP). We investigated the prevalence of CPP in Korean boys and the necessity for routine brain MRI examinations. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2003 to December 2016 at a Korean university hospital.

The H2B deubiquitinase Usp22 promotes antibody class switch recombination by facilitating non-homologous end joining.

Class switch recombination (CSR) has a fundamental function during humoral immune response and involves the induction and subsequent repair of DNA breaks in the immunoglobulin (Ig) switch regions. Here we show the role of Usp22, the SAGA complex deubiquitinase that removes ubiquitin from H2B-K120, in the repair of programmed DNA breaks in vivo. Ablation of Usp22 in primary B cells results in defects in γH2AX and impairs the classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), affecting both V(D)J recombination and CSR.

Apoptosis Reversal Promotes Cancer Stem Cell-Like Cell Formation.

It has long been a puzzle in cancer treatment that despite the initial appearance of apoptosis, the process could be reversed in some cancer cells and often results in more aggressive tumors and metastasis. The mechanism for this recurrence is yet unknown. Here we report that human mammary carcinoma cells induced to undergo apoptosis could recover with increased tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo, and induced lymph node metastasis.

Double-stranded DNA break polarity skews repair pathway choice during intrachromosomal and interchromosomal recombination.

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) inflicts DNA damage at Ig genes to initiate class switch recombination (CSR) and chromosomal translocations. However, the DNA lesions formed during these processes retain an element of randomness, and thus knowledge of the relationship between specific DNA lesions and AID-mediated processes remains incomplete. To identify necessary and sufficient DNA lesions in CSR, the Cas9 endonuclease and nickase variants were used to program DNA lesions at a greater degree of predictability than is achievable with conventional induction of CSR.

A fetus coexisting with a complete hydatidiform mole with trisomy 9 of maternal origin.

A complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) coexisting with a viable fetus is a rare finding in pregnancies. Accurate diagnosis often relies on ultrasonographic, histopathological and molecular techniques in the definite diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, a liveborn fetus coexisting with CHM with trisomy 9 has not been described.