Background & Aims: Resting energy expenditure (REE) is a major component of energy balance. While REE is usually indexed to total body weight (BW), this may introduce biases when assessing REE in obesity or during weight loss intervention. The main objective of the study was to quantify the bias introduced by ratiometric scaling of REE using BW both at baseline and following weight loss intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the conventional model of transcriptional activation, transcription factors bind to response elements and recruit co-factors, including histone acetyltransferases. Contrary to this model, we show that the histone acetyltransferase KAT7 (HBO1/MYST2) is required genome wide for histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac). Examining neural stem cells, we find that KAT7 and H3K14ac are present not only at transcribed genes but also at inactive genes, intergenic regions, and in heterochromatin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Iris prostheses are an integral tool for the management of symptoms in the setting of damaged, insufficient, or absent irides. Fixation of a custom iris prosthesis in the absence of capsular support raises similar challenges to the fixation of an intraocular lens (IOLs) without capsular support. Centration and planar orientation of these larger iris devices are perhaps even more important than with IOLs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth behaviors are inextricably linked to health and well-being, yet issues such as physical inactivity and insufficient sleep remain significant global public health problems. Mobile technology-and the unprecedented scope and quantity of data it generates-has a promising but largely untapped potential to promote health behaviors at the individual and population levels. This perspective article provides multidisciplinary recommendations on the design and use of mobile technology, and the concomitant wealth of data, to promote behaviors that support overall health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpansion of a single repetitive DNA sequence, termed a tandem repeat (TR), is known to cause more than 50 diseases. However, repeat expansions are often not explored beyond neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In some cancers, mutations accumulate in short tracts of TRs, a phenomenon termed microsatellite instability; however, larger repeat expansions have not been systematically analysed in cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo understand what determines the success of short- and long-term weight loss, we conduct a secondary analysis of dietary, metabolic, and molecular data collected from 609 participants before, during, and after a 1-year weight-loss intervention with either a healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) or a healthy low-fat (HLF) diet. Through systematic analysis of multidomain datasets, we find that dietary adherence and diet quality, not just caloric restriction, are important for short-term weight loss in both diets. Interestingly, we observe minimal dietary differences between those who succeeded in long-term weight loss and those who did not.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Large-scale gut microbiome sequencing has revealed key links between microbiome dysfunction and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). To date, these efforts have largely focused on Western populations, with few studies assessing T2D microbiota associations in Middle Eastern communities where T2D prevalence is now over 20%. We analyzed the composition of stool 16S rRNA from 461 T2D and 119 non-T2D participants from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This article describes how a large urban medical center was able to enhance the integration of evidence-based practice in the clinical environment by reconfiguring its approach to policy and procedures documentation.
Project Description: Leaders at a large urban medical center observed that numerous nursing practice documents lacked a base of evidence. No standard process existed for building staff awareness of the evidence-based underlying practice, and there was uneven knowledge of evidence-based practice in the milieu.
The importance of thermal refuges in a rapidly warming world is particularly evident for migratory species, where individuals encounter a wide range of conditions throughout their lives. In this study, we used a spatially explicit, individual-based simulation model to evaluate the buffering potential of cold-water thermal refuges for anadromous salmon and trout ( spp.) migrating upstream through a warm river corridor that can expose individuals to physiologically stressful temperatures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Pharm Assoc (2003)
April 2023
Background: Medication synchronization (med-sync) aligns patients' monthly or quarterly chronic medications to a predetermined single pickup date at a community pharmacy. The study objective was to examine med-sync enrollment disparities based on Medicare beneficiaries' predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using a Medicare dataset of beneficiaries receiving medications from pharmacies that self-identified as providing med-sync.
'Smart' bandages based on multimodal wearable devices could enable real-time physiological monitoring and active intervention to promote healing of chronic wounds. However, there has been limited development in incorporation of both sensors and stimulators for the current smart bandage technologies. Additionally, while adhesive electrodes are essential for robust signal transduction, detachment of existing adhesive dressings can lead to secondary damage to delicate wound tissues without switchable adhesion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Pharm Assoc (2003)
January 2023
Background: Community pharmacists are well-positioned to engage in opioid-related harm reduction activities (i.e., opioid interventions).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell type- and differentiation-specific gene expression is precisely controlled by genomic non-coding regulatory elements (NCREs), which include promoters, enhancers, silencers and insulators. It is estimated that more than 90% of disease-associated sequence variants lie within the non-coding part of the genome, potentially affecting the activity of NCREs. Consequently, the functional annotation of NCREs is a major driver of genome research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRes Rep Health Eff Inst
September 2022
Introduction: Near-road ambient air pollution concentrations that are affected by vehicle emissions are typically characterized by substantial spatial variability with respect to distance from the roadway and temporal variability based on the time of day, day of week, and season. The goal of this work is to identify variables that explain either temporal or spatial variability based on case studies for a freeway site and an urban intersection site. The key hypothesis is that dispersion modeling of near-road pollutant concentrations could be improved by adding estimates or indices for site-specific explanatory variables, particularly related to traffic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Heart Lung Transplant
November 2022
Accurate cell-type annotation from spatially resolved single cells is crucial to understand functional spatial biology that is the basis of tissue organization. However, current computational methods for annotating spatially resolved single-cell data are typically based on techniques established for dissociated single-cell technologies and thus do not take spatial organization into account. Here we present STELLAR, a geometric deep learning method for cell-type discovery and identification in spatially resolved single-cell datasets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To carry out exhaustive data-driven computations for the performance of noninvasive vital signs heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO), and temperature (Temp), considered both independently and in all possible combinations, for early detection of sepsis.
Materials And Methods: By extracting features interpretable by clinicians, we applied Gradient Boosted Decision Tree machine learning on a dataset of 2630 patients to build 240 models. Validation was performed on a geographically distinct dataset.
As the global population becomes older, understanding the impact of aging on health and disease becomes paramount. Recent advancements in multiomic technology have allowed for the high-throughput molecular characterization of aging at the population level. Metabolomics studies that analyze the small molecules in the body can provide biological information across a diversity of aging processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Clin Exp Hypn
October 2022
The absence of a Spanish translation of the Elkins Hypnotizability Scale (EHS) suggests access to clinical research and hypnotic interventions may be limited for those in predominantly Spanish-speaking populations. The present study aims to mitigate this disparity by providing a translation of the EHS to facilitate participation in experimental research and clinical care in Spanish-speaking communities. The EHS was translated and administered to 9 participants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite a strong genetic component, only a few genes have been identified in congenital heart diseases (CHDs). We introduced systems analyses to uncover the hidden organization on biological networks of mutations in CHDs and leveraged network analysis to integrate the protein interactome, patient exomes, and single-cell transcriptomes of the developing heart. We identified a CHD network regulating heart development and observed that a sub-network also regulates fetal brain development, thereby providing mechanistic insights into the clinical comorbidities between CHDs and neurodevelopmental conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study examined caregiver perceived impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on a diverse sample of U.S. youth with diabetes and their families.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic lung allograft dysfunction is the major barrier to long-term survival in lung transplant recipients. Evidence supports type 1 alloimmunity as the predominant response in acute/chronic lung rejection, but the immunoregulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We studied the combinatorial F-box E3 ligase system: F-box protein 3 (FBXO3; proinflammatory) and F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2 (FBXL2; anti-inflammatory and regulates TNFR-associated factor [TRAF] protein).
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