Alveolar air and oxidative metabolic demand during exercise in healthy adults: the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the AR gene.

The predominating -adrenergic receptor subtype expressed on human alveolar tissue is the AR The homozygous arginine (Arg16Arg) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 16 of the AR gene has been associated with abnormal AR function accompanied by decreased resting alveolar-capillary membrane gas-transfer in certain healthy adults. Although not previously studied in the context of the AR gene, pulmonary gas-transfer is also influenced by alveolar volume () and with it the availability of alveolar surface area, particularly during exercise. Small implies less alveolar surface area available for O transport.

Is Neurogenic Bladder a Risk Factor for Febrile Urinary Tract Infection After Ureteroscopy and, if so, Why?

Objective: To characterize the rate of febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) after ureteroscopy in patients with neurogenic bladder compared with those with physiologically normal bladders. Although generally considered safe and effective, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that patients with neurogenic bladder are at an increased risk of infectious complications following ureteroscopy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of those undergoing ureteroscopy in a single academically affiliated hospital system between June 2013 and May 2016.

The state of the art in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine: the end of the beginning.

With translational stem cell biology and Regenerative Medicine (the field to which the former gave rise) now over a quarter century old, it is time to take stock of where we have been and where we are going. This editorial overview, which serves as an introduction to this special issue of Pediatric Research dedicated to these fields, reinforces the notion that stem cells are ultimately intrinsic parts of developmental biology, for which Pediatrics represents the clinical face. Although stem cells provide the cellular basis for a great deal of only recently recognized plasticity programmed into the developing and postdevelopmental organism, and although there is enormous promise in harnessing this plasticity for therapeutic advantage, their successful use rests on a deep understanding of their developmental imperatives and the developmental programs in which they engage.

Statistical planning in confirmatory clinical trials with multiple treatment groups, multiple visits, and multiple endpoints.

Multiplicity issues can be multidimensional: A confirmatory clinical trial may be designed to have efficacy assessed with two or more primary endpoints, for multiple dose groups, and at several post-baseline visits. Controlling for multiplicity in this situation is challenging because there can be a hierarchy with respect to some but not all measurements. If the higher dose is considered more efficacious, multiplicity approach may evaluate the higher dose with higher priority through a fixed sequential testing framework for dose assessments in combination with a Hochberg approach for endpoints.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Soft Tissue Vascular Anomalies in Torso and Extremities in Children: An Update With 2014 International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies Classification.

Vascular anomalies can occur anywhere in the body, and the majority present in the pediatric population. Accurate classification is essential for proper clinical evaluation, particularly because multidisciplinary care is often required. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classification offers a comprehensive classification for all subspecialties.

Influence of Inhaled Amiloride on Lung Fluid Clearance in Response to Normobaric Hypoxia in Healthy Individuals.

Unlabelled: Wheatley, Courtney M., Sarah E. Baker, Bryan J.

A quantitative, multi-national and multi-stakeholder assessment of barriers to the adoption of cell therapies.

Cellular therapies, such as stem cell-based treatments, have been widely researched and numerous products and treatments have been developed. Despite this, there has been relatively limited use of these technologies in the healthcare sector. This study sought to investigate the perceived barriers to this more widespread adoption.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Clinical Rumen Acidosis.

Clinical rumen acidosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both large and small ruminants. Feeding and management practices that lead to the consumption of large amounts of readily fermentable carbohydrates precipitate clinical disease. The fermentation of carbohydrates into volatile fatty acids and lactate causes acidosis (local and systemic), rumen ulceration, cardiovascular compromise, and organ dysfunction.

A multidisciplinary approach to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy among multiethnic adolescents in the United States.

Background: Childhood obesity has become a serious public health problem in our country with a prevalence that is disproportionately higher among minority groups. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gaining attention as a safe bariatric alternative for severely obese adolescents.

Study Design: A retrospective study on morbidly obese adolescents that underwent LSG at our institution from 2009 to 2017.

Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Genotype Influences Power Output in Healthy Subjects.

Kelley, EF, Johnson, BD, and Snyder, EM. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor genotype influences power output in healthy subjects. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2053-2059, 2017-The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ADRB2 genotypes on muscle function (absolute power and relative power) in healthy subjects.

Probing the lithium-response pathway in hiPSCs implicates the phosphoregulatory set-point for a cytoskeletal modulator in bipolar pathogenesis.

The molecular pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is poorly understood. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to unravel such mechanisms in polygenic diseases is generally challenging. However, hiPSCs from BPD patients responsive to lithium offered unique opportunities to discern lithium's target and hence gain molecular insight into BPD.

Comparisons of Noninvasive Methods Used to Assess Exercise Stroke Volume in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) plays an important role in properly phenotyping signs and symptoms of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The prognostic value of CPET is strengthened when accompanied by cardiac hemodynamic measurements. Although recognized as the "gold" standard, cardiac catheterization is impractical for routine CPET.

Suvorexant in Elderly Patients with Insomnia: Pooled Analyses of Data from Phase III Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

Objective: Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist approved for treating insomnia at doses of 10-20 mg. Previously reported phase III results showed that suvorexant was effective and well-tolerated in a combined-age population (elderly and nonelderly adults). The present analysis evaluated the clinical profile of suvorexant specifically in the elderly.

Testicular adenosine to inosine RNA editing in the mouse is mediated by ADARB1.

Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing occurs in a wide range of tissues and cell types and can be catalyzed by one of the two adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA enzymes, ADAR and ADARB1. Editing can impact both coding and noncoding regions of RNA, and in higher organisms has been proposed to function in adaptive evolution. Neither the prevalence of A-to-I editing nor the role of either ADAR or ADARB1 has been examined in the context of germ cell development in mammals.

Prevalence of multi drug antimicrobial resistance in isolated from high-risk stocker cattle at arrival and two weeks after processing.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in North American beef cattle. () is the bacterial pathogen most frequently isolated from cattle with BRD and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in this pathogen has been increasing. Administration of antimicrobials to prevent BRD is commonplace in stocker cattle, but the impact of this practice on emergence of resistance in is unknown.

NCCN Guidelines Insights: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Version 1.2017.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are different manifestations of the same disease and managed in much the same way. The advent of novel CD20 monoclonal antibodies led to the development of effective chemoimmunotherapy regimens. More recently, small molecule inhibitors targeting kinases involved in a number of critical signaling pathways and a small molecule inhibitor of the BCL-2 family of proteins have demonstrated activity for the treatment of patients with CLL/SLL.

Reconstituting development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia from primary human pancreas duct cells.

Development of systems that reconstitute hallmark features of human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs), the precursor to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, could generate new strategies for early diagnosis and intervention. However, human cell-based PanIN models with defined mutations are unavailable. Here, we report that genetic modification of primary human pancreatic cells leads to development of lesions resembling native human PanINs.

Clinical profile of suvorexant for the treatment of insomnia over 3 months in women and men: subgroup analysis of pooled phase-3 data.

Rationale: Sex-related differences in the clinical profiles of some insomnia medications have been previously reported.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical profile of suvorexant, a novel orexin receptor antagonist approved for treating insomnia at doses up to 20 mg, by sex subgroups.

Methods: Efficacy analyses by sex were based on pooled data from two similar phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-month trials in elderly (≥65 years) and non-elderly (18-64 years) insomnia patients.

The Influence of 17 Hours of Normobaric Hypoxia on Parallel Adjustments in Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Airway Function in Lowland Healthy Adults.

Van Iterson, Erik H., Eric M. Snyder, and Bruce D.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Components Among Midwestern University Students.

Michigan has the 17th highest adult obesity rate in the United States. Among college-aged adults between 18 and 25 years old, the rate of obesity was 11.6%.

APOBEC1 complementation factor (A1CF) is dispensable for C-to-U RNA editing in vivo.

Editing of the human and murine mRNA by APOBEC1, the catalytic enzyme of the protein complex that catalyzes C-to-U RNA editing, creates an internal stop codon within the APOB coding sequence, generating two protein isoforms. It has been long held that APOBEC1-mediated editing activity is dependent on the RNA binding protein A1CF. The function of A1CF in adult tissues has not been reported because a previously reported null allele displays embryonic lethality.

The Coupling of Peripheral Blood Pressure and Ventilatory Responses during Exercise in Young Adults with Cystic Fibrosis.

Purpose: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is commonly recognized as a pulmonary disease associated with reduced airway function. Another primary symptom of CF is low exercise capacity where ventilation and gas-exchange are exacerbated. However, an independent link between pathophysiology of the pulmonary system and abnormal ventilatory and gas-exchange responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has not been established in CF.

Fatal Congenital Retroperitoneal Neuroblastoma Diagnosed by Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Congenital extra-adrenal neuroblastoma is a rare condition, which typically has a favorable prognosis. We present a unique case of extra-adrenal retroperitoneal neuroblastoma diagnosed by fetal magnetic resonance imaging, which ultimately leads to fetal hydrops and neonatal death.