Role of serum endotoxin, FGF19, TLR2, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-10 in NAFLD-associated T2DM pathogenesis: Insights into Th1 bias and protective mechanisms.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-obese patients is pathophysiologically distinct, exhibiting common immunological link with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to delineate the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated immuno-modulation along with its association with fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and its ligand fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD without or with T2DM.

Methodology: Blood samples were collected from patients with NAFLD (n = 90), NAFLD with T2DM (n = 90) and healthy cohorts (n = 90) with consent and clinical records.

Comprehensive Assessment of Burnout Among Surgical Trainees and Practicing Surgeons: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Surgeon burnout has received increasing attention due to evidence of high prevalence across specialties. We aimed to (1) systematically characterize existing definitions of burnout, (2) evaluate tools to measure burnout, and (3) determine risk factors of surgical burnout.

Design: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases were searched to identify burnout rates and tools used to measure the quality of life (QoL) published from January 2000-December 2021.

Preoperative and Postoperative Cognitive Assessment in Geriatric Patients Following Acute Traumatic Injuries: Towards Improving Geriatric Trauma Outcomes.

Introduction: A growing percentage of the US population is over the age of 65, and geriatrics account for a large portion of trauma admissions, expected to reach nearly 40% by 2050. Cognitive status is important for operative management, especially in elderly populations. This study aims to investigate preoperative and postoperative cognitive function assessment tools in geriatric patients following acute trauma and associated outcomes, including functional status, postdischarge disposition, mortality, and hospital length of stay (H-LOS).

Gender Distribution of First and Senior Authorship Across Most Cited Studies Within the Top Ten Surgical Journals From 2015-2020: Cementing Women Academic Surgery Representation.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the gender distribution of first and senior authors in the most highly cited original research studies published in the top 10 surgical journals from 2015 to 2020 to identify disparities and changes over time.

Methods: A retrospective study analyzing the gender distribution of first and senior authors in the top 10 most cited studies from the top 10 surgical journals from 2015 to 2020. The genders of the first and senior authors of each study were assessed using National Provider Identifier (NPI) numbers or pronouns from institutional biographies or news articles.

Evaluation and Management of Watercraft-Related Injuries for Acute Care Surgeons: Towards Improving Care and Implementing Effective Public Health Prevention Policies.

Boating has exposed humans to elemental hazards for centuries. What was once a lifelong craft and time-honored skillset is now, with modern technology, a popular recreational activity. Boating safety has inherent limitations and has been historically challenging to enforce.

Evaluation of Citation Inaccuracies in Surgical Literature by Journal Type, Study Design, and Level of Evidence: Towards Safeguarding the Peer-Review Process.

Background: Accurate citation practices are key to furthering knowledge in an efficient and valid manner. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of citation inaccuracies in original research from the top-ranked surgical journals and to evaluate the impact level of evidence has on citation inaccuracy.

Methods: A retrospective study evaluating the citation accuracy of the top 10 ranked surgical journals using the SJCR indicators.

Impact of endoscopic craniofacial resection on simulated nasal airflow and heat transport.

Background: Endoscopic craniofacial resections (CFR) are performed for extensive anterior skull base lesions. This surgery involves removal of multiple intranasal structures, potentially leading to empty nose syndrome (ENS). However, many patients remain asymptomatic postoperatively.