Irreversible bronchial goblet cell metaplasia in hamsters with elastase-induced panacinar emphysema.

A single intratracheal instillation of pancreatic elastase in hamsters induces a lesion resembling human panacinar emphysema. This paper reports the occurrence of irreversible goblet cell metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium of hamsters similarly exposed to elastase. The goblet cell change was dose related; a dose of 0.

Bronchial brushing in bronchogenic carcinoma. Factors influencing cellular yield and diagnostic accuracy.

In a prospective study, varying the bronchial brushing technique through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope was examined for the effects of cellular yield and diagnostic accuracy. The yield of cells obtained from the 1.7-mm brush was increased by more than twofold when the brush and bronchoscope were withdrawn as a unit through the pharynx and nose, (nonwithdrawn brushing), rather than withdrawing the brush alone through the aspiration channel of the bronchoscope (withdrawn brushing).

The fate of intratracheal 14C-guanidinated pancreatic elastase in hamster lung.

Native pancreatic elastase and guanidinated elastase have similar in vitro and in vivo properties and produce emphysema of similar severity in hamsters. 14C-guanidinated pancreatic elastase (16,000 cpm/0.2 mg) was instilled into the trachea of anesthetized hamsters.

Clinical and roentgenographic spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis in the adult.

In order to define the roentgenographic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis in the adult, we reviewed a 12 month experience with newly diagnosed patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in two Boston hospitals. Of 88 patients, 30 (34 per cent) presented with roentgenographic manifestations other than those associated with "usual" postprimary disease. At least 12 patients (13.

Elevated serum angiotensin I converting enzyme in sarcoidosis.

Serum angiotensin I converting enzyme was found to be elevated in 56 patients with sarcoidosis (52.7 +/- 25.4 nmole per min per ml) compared to 84 normal control subjects (28.

Respiratory mechanics in normal hamsters.

Lung volumes and quasi-static deflation volume-pressure relationships were measured in male golden hamsters anesthetized with pentobarbital. Volume was measured with a pressure plethysmograph, and pleural pressure was estimated by the use of a water-filled esophageal catheter. Mean body weight +/- SE was 122.

In vitro effects of elastase and collagenase on mechanical properties of hamster lungs.

A previous study of hamsters, 21 days after intratracheal treatment with pancreatic elastase, showed development of emphysema, shift of the volume-pressure curve up an to the left, with both air and saline filling, and increase in quasistatic lung compliance. There was also a striking increase in vital capacity and lung volume at transpulmonary pressure of 25 cm H2O (TLC25); however, 21 days after collagenase treatment, there was only a slight increase in TLC25. The lung volume changes were not consistent with the theory that the collagen fiber network is responsible for limiting distension of the lung.

Fatal pulmonary reaction from low doses of bleomycin. An idiosyncratic tissue response.

There were two cases of fatal interstitial pneumonia secondary to bleomycin sulfate administration. Although bleomycin pulmonary toxicity is generally thought to be dose-related and occurs infrequently with a total cummulative dose less than 300 to 400 units, the two reactions reported here occurred with doses of 105 and 165 units. Fatal bleomycin-induced pneumonia has been previously reported at these low dosages, and physicians should be aware that this toxic reaction may occur as an idiosyncratic response.

The evolution of biochemical damage in the rat lung after acute cadmium exposure.

Rats were exposed once to a polydisperse aerosol of 0.005 M cadmium chloride for 2 hours. Controls were saline-exposed rats and unexposed rats.

The pathology of elastase-induced panacinar emphysema in hamsters.

A single dose of crystalline, porcine pancreatic elastase injected intratracheally into hamsters induces widespread alveolar enlargement with subpleural bullae. A uniformly severe lesion is consistently induced by 0-2 mg elastase per 100 g body weight and with negligible mortality. Compared with controls, which showed no lesion, elastase-damaged lungs show a highly significant (P less than or equal to 0-001) increase in alveolar size and a decrease in internal surface area.

Limited form of Wegener granulomatosis. Eye involvement as a major sign.

Bilateral uveitis was the initial manifestation of a limited form of Wegener granulomatosis in a 47-year-old man. Diagnosis was established by biopsy of a pulmonary nodule. Subsequently, evidence of lesions developed in the patient's central and peripheral nervous systems, but renal lesions were absent.

Cellular proliferation induced in the lung by cadmium aerosol.

Rats were exposed to a polydispersed aerosol of 0.1 per cent cadmium chloride in physiologic saline for a single period of 2 hours, and the evolution of damage was followed for a 10-day period. Control animals were unexposed rats and rats exposed to an aerosol of physiologic saline.

Fever and pneumonia after flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

The frequencies of fever, parenchymal infiltration, and bacteremia were studied prospectively after 100 flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopies performed transnasally under topical anesthesia. Fever occurred after 16 per cent, and parenchymal infiltration, after 6 per cent of the procedures. Most complications were mild and transient; however, one patient developed rapidly progressive pneumonia and died.

Subcostal loculated pleural effusion in congestive heart failure: an unusual case of vanishing tumor.

Localized collection of fluid in an interlobar fissure as a consequence of congestive heart failure is a well-known entity. It has been termed vanishing tumor because of its appearance as a mass lesion in the lung and its propensity to resolve with diuretic therapy. We report a case of loculated pleural effusion in the subcostal pleural space without interlobar fluid collection.

Arterial blood gases and pH during sleep in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Arterial blood gases were measured during 7 hours of sleep in 15 patients with severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary discrease (COPD); 6 awake patients with COPD studies in recumbency for an average of 5 hours served as controls. Mean maximal decrease in arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) (plus or minus SD) was 13.5 plus or minus 3.

Prolonged rate of decay of arterial PO2 following oxygen breathing in chronic airways obstruction.

Nine patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive lung disease were grouped according to results of pulmonary function testing. After a short period of 100 percent oxygen breathing, it took on the average 20 minutes (range--18 to 24 minutes) for their partial pressure of arterial oxygen to return to baseline levels. These data suggest that, after discontinuing supplemental oxygen in patients with chronic airways obstruction, more than 25 minutes should elapse if a blood gas measurement is to reflect with certainty conditions during room air breathing.

Bronchial brushing through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Bronchial brushing was performed concomitantly with transnasal flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 44 patients with localized peripheral pulmonary lesions and absence of visible bronchial abnormality down to subsegmental level. Fluoroscopic confirmation of brush placement was obtained. A diagnosis of malignancy was made by bronchial brushing in 12 of 23 patients (52 percent) proved to have neoplasm, although diagnostic accuracy rose to six of seven patients (86 percent) in the final quarter of the study.