Comorbidities in children with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is registered in 2%-3% of newborns. In most cases, the causes are not identifiable.

Objective: We explored the correlation between the intellectual disability and gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, familial diseases, congenital anomalies, and acquired medical disorders, with the aim to estimate the prevalence and severity of comorbidities in the affected children.

The Relevance of Osteoclastic and Osteoblastic Activity Markers Follow-Up in Patients on Antiresorptive Osteoporosis Treatment.

In general, markers of bone formation and markers of bone resorption are changing synergistically, so the monitoring of any osteoclastic and any osteoblastic marker should reflect the rate of bone transformation. The aim of the study is to monitor the bone metabolism markers in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and osteopenia along with the variations caused by the effects of bisphosphonate therapy. The study involved 55 women of average age of 57.

Hyperlactatemia and the Outcome of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Suffering Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Increased lactate production is frequent in unregulated/complicated diabetes mellitus. Three groups, each consisting of 40 patients (type 2 diabetics with myocardial infarction, DM+AMI, nondiabetics suffering myocardial infarction, MI, and diabetics with no apparent cardiovascular pathology, DM group), were tested for pH, serum bicarbonate and electrolytes, blood lactate, and CK-MB. .

The reliability of body mass index in the diagnosis of obesity and metabolic risk in children.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is the most widespread and the simplest method for the evaluation of body mass; it is often used as a sole technique in the diagnosis of obesity in children. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric and biochemical parameters and the incidence of the metabolic syndrome in obese children.

Methodology: A total of 110 children, aged 2-17 years, participated in the study.

Stroke and diabetic ketoacidosis--some diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

Cerebrovascular insult (CVI) is a known and important risk factor for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA); still, it seems that the prevalence of DKA among the patients suffering CVI and its influence on stroke outcome might be underestimated. Diabetic ketoacidosis itself has been reported to be a risk factor for the occurrence of stroke in children and youth. A cerebral hypoperfusion in untreated DKA may lead to cerebral injury, arterial ischemic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, and hemorrhagic stroke.