Changes in weight among individuals with psychiatric conditions or socioeconomic disadvantage assigned to smoke very low nicotine content cigarettes.

Nicotine abstinence leads to weight gain, which could be an unintended consequence of a nicotine reduction policy. This secondary analysis used weekly assessments of weight and ratings of "increased appetite/hunger/weight gain" collected in three 12-week, randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of cigarettes differing in nicotine dose (15.8, 2.

"That's Pot Culture Right There": Purchasing Behaviors of People Who Use Cannabis Without a Medical Cannabis Card.

Introduction: The legal landscape surrounding purchasing cannabis without a medical cannabis card (i.e., without MCC) is changing rapidly, affecting consumer access and purchasing behaviors.

Potential effects of nicotine content in cigarettes on use of other substances.

A national nicotine reduction policy has the potential to reduce cigarette smoking and associated adverse health impacts among vulnerable populations. However, possible unanticipated adverse effects of reducing nicotine content in cigarettes, such as increasing the use of alcohol or other abused substances, must be examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to varying doses of nicotine in cigarettes on use of other substances.

Predictors of Adherence Among Vulnerable Populations of Adults Assigned to Smoke Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes.

Introduction: Regulators are considering reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes to a minimally addictive level. This could particularly benefit smokers from populations vulnerable to heavy smoking and difficulties quitting. We assessed predictors of adherence among adults from vulnerable populations assigned to use very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNCs) in randomized clinical trials, to identify characteristics of those who require additional assistance if a nicotine reduction policy were implemented.

Effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on smoking across vulnerable populations.

There has been long-standing interest in a reduced-nicotine product standard for combusted tobacco, which is within the regulatory purview of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In weighing whether to establish this standard, it is important to consider potential responses among people who are at elevated risk for tobacco-related health harms. In this narrative review, we summarize studies of very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes conducted between 2010 and 2021 in groups that the FDA has identified as vulnerable populations.

Predicting Non-Adherence With Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness Who Smoke.

Introduction: Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes is a promising policy intervention to decrease cigarette dependence among people who smoke. Randomized trials support the potential efficacy of a reduced nicotine product standard for cigarettes. However, interpretation of such trials is challenged by incomplete adherence to the randomized treatment assignment, as some participants may continue to use commercial cigarettes not provided by the trial.

Perceptions of Tobacco Product-Specific COVID-19 Risk and Changes in Tobacco Use Behaviors Among Smokers, E-Cigarette Users, and Dual Users.

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health crisis, but its effects on tobacco users remain ill-defined. This report aimed to assess the relationship between tobacco product-specific risk perceptions for COVID-19 and changes in tobacco use since the start of the pandemic.

Methods: A sample (n = 776) of past-30 day exclusive smokers (n = 238), exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 143), and dual users (n = 395) residing in the US and aged 18 or older were collected using Mechanical Turk from April 27 to June 8, 2020.

Emerging electronic cigarette policies in European member states, Canada, and the United States.

Background: Increased electronic cigarette (ECIG) use has motivated new regulations to address the changing landscape of tobacco use and promote public health.

Method: This policy scan compares ECIG prevalence and regulations in the European Union (EU), Canada, and the United States (US) at the federal- and local-level to foster a policy dialogue around modern tobacco prevention and control regulations.

Results: Among young adults, 40 % in the US, 29 % in Canada, and 28 % in the EU report ever using an ECIG.

A systematic review of weight-related communication trainings for physicians.

Obesity is a leading cause of preventable death in the USA. Given the high number of adults seeking routine health care services, physicians have an opportunity to address weight loss during routine clinical encounters. It's often reported that physicians lack the training to address weight.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Nicotine Dependence and Transitions From Dual Use of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Evidence From Waves 1-3 of the PATH Study.

Objective: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity as a method to reduce conventional cigarette smoking, despite mixed evidence on their effectiveness. This study evaluates the relationship between overall and product-specific nicotine dependence and the transitions between dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes versus exclusive cigarette or e-cigarette use over time.

Method: This study used data from Waves 1-3 (2013-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Reasons to use e-cigarettes among adults and youth in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.

Background: While e-cigarette use is increasing, reasons to use e-cigarettes are poorly summarized in the literature. The objective of this study was to organize reasons to use e-cigarette items into factors and determine associations between these factors and e-cigarette user characteristics.

Methods: Data were drawn from youth (12-17) and adults (18+) in Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.

Tobacco Marketing, E-cigarette Susceptibility, and Perceptions among Adults.

Objective: Understanding the impact of tobacco marketing on e-cigarette (EC) susceptibility and perceptions is essential to inform efforts to mitigate tobacco product burden on public health.

Methods: Data were collected online in 2016 from 634 conventional cigarette (CC) smokers and 393 non-smokers using a convenience sample from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Logistic regression models, stratified by smoking status and adjusted for socio-demographics, examined the relationship among tobacco advertisements and coupons, EC and CC susceptibility, and EC perceptions.