Copper Nanoparticles: Characterization, Synthesis, and Biological Activity - A Review.

Copper and copper-based nanoparticles, derived from the abundant and cost-effective copper metal, have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and potential for various applications. Copper is a biogenic metal that is found in all kingdoms of life and has a variety of essential biological activities. Among the earliest metals that humanity has harvested and exploited, copper has played a crucial role in maintaining and advancing civilization since the beginning of time.