Publications by authors named "Sneha Jain"

Randomized clinical trials are the gold standard for establishing the efficacy and safety of cardiovascular therapies. However, current pivotal trials are expensive, lengthy, and insufficiently diverse. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can potentially automate and streamline clinical trial operations.

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  • Direct oral anticoagulants are commonly used for preventing strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter, but concerns about bleeding limit their use; milvexian is a new drug that might work as well with less bleeding risk.
  • The LIBREXIA AF trial is a large global study comparing milvexian to apixaban, enrolling 15,500 participants to assess if milvexian can prevent strokes without increasing bleeding events significantly.
  • The results from this study aim to clarify the efficacy and safety of milvexian compared to apixaban over a projected 4-year follow-up period.
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Direct oral anticoagulants have a dose-dependent increased bleeding risk which limits use in certain populations. Studies in both animals and humans with inherited variations in factor XI levels provide a theoretical basis for a drug target capable of addressing current unmet needs. Milvexian is an oral factor XIa inhibitor that has the potential to provide robust anticoagulant effect without increased bleeding compared with current standard of care.

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  • - Globally, obesity is on the rise, leading to serious health issues, including heart disease, and is a significant financial burden on healthcare systems, costing over $200 billion a year.
  • - This study utilized advanced AI to analyze over 390,000 Reddit discussions about GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), highlighting a wide interest in topics like weight loss results, side effects, accessibility, and psychological benefits.
  • - The analysis revealed that public sentiment around GLP-1 RAs is mostly neutral to positive, suggesting these findings could help in monitoring side effects not seen in trials and addressing drug shortages.
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  • This review highlights how Artificial Intelligence (AI) improves the assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, opportunistic screening, and guideline adherence by analyzing both unstructured clinical and patient-generated data.
  • Recent findings indicate that AI models outperform traditional risk scores in evaluating individual ASCVD risk and can automatically detect risk markers, like coronary artery calcium (CAC), using various imaging techniques.
  • AI applications are valuable for preventing and managing ASCVD, and they can enhance patient education, but successful integration into clinical practice requires careful regulation and structured clinical pathways.
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  • * AI technologies are being applied across various areas such as wearables, electrocardiograms, and genetics, achieving unprecedented detection accuracy for diseases like valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies.
  • * While the number of studies is increasing, rigorous validation is needed to ensure effectiveness and equity, with ongoing trials focused on demonstrating real-world improvements in patient outcomes.
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  • Recent advancements in AI for cardiovascular care are promising for improving diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes, with 10% of FDA-approved clinical AI algorithms dedicated to this area.
  • The review highlights the use of multimodal inputs and generative AI in cardiology, indicating a shift toward more complex and effective healthcare solutions.
  • It emphasizes the importance of careful implementation, ethical considerations, and rigorous evaluation to ensure AI enhances patient care and supports healthcare providers effectively.
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  • - Coronary artery calcium (CAC) testing is important for assessing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but public perception of CAC and its implications for heart health decision-making are not well understood.
  • - Researchers utilized an AI model to analyze 5,606 discussions on Reddit about CAC, identifying 91 topics categorized into 14 main themes, including the influence of CAC on treatment choices and concerns over testing risks.
  • - Sentiment analysis of these discussions showed that nearly half expressed neutral or negative feelings towards CAC testing, highlighting a need for better communication and education to improve public understanding and shared decision-making in cardiovascular health.
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Understanding the factors that influence the human perception of glare is necessary to properly address glare risks in buildings and achieve comfortable visual environments, especially in the workplace. Yet large inter-individual variabilities in glare perception remain unexplained and thus uncovered by the current empirical glare models. We hypothesize that this variability has an origin in the human retina, in particular in the density of macular pigments present in its central area, which varies between individuals.

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Background: Canagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor that has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with and without heart failure (HF). Whether the clinical benefits and safety profile of canagliflozin are different in those on a beta blocker and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (BB + RAASi) is unknown.

Methods: We pooled participants with HF at baseline from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial and assessed major adverse cardiovascular events and its components; hospitalization for heart failure (HHF); HHF or CV death; all-cause mortality; a renal composite; and a combined renal and CV composite.

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  • Aortic root thrombosis (ART) is a complication from using the HeartMate 3 (HM3) left ventricular assist device, and this study investigates its incidence and complications.
  • In a cohort of 197 HM3 patients, 9.6% developed ART, and 7.6% experienced moderate or greater aortic insufficiency (AI) over an average follow-up period of 17.5 months.
  • ART was linked to higher risks of severe outcomes, including death, stroke, and the need for aortic valve interventions, emphasizing the importance of monitoring for this complication in HM3 patients.
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Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events across all racial and ethnic groups. CAC can be quantified on nonelectrocardiography (ECG)-gated computed tomography (CT) performed for other reasons, allowing for opportunistic screening for subclinical atherosclerosis.

Objectives: The authors investigated whether incidental CAC quantified on routine non-ECG-gated CTs using a deep-learning (DL) algorithm provided cardiovascular risk stratification beyond traditional risk prediction methods.

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Background: The relative risks for different periprocedural major adverse events (MAE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on subsequent mortality have not been described.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between periprocedural MAE occurring within 30 days postprocedure and early and late mortality after left main coronary artery revascularization by PCI and CABG.

Methods: In the EXCEL (Evaluation of XIENCE Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization) trial, patients with left main disease were randomized to PCI vs CABG.

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Background: Depression has emerged as one of the prime morbidities affecting professional and personal lives worldwide. Antidepressants are one of the mainstays of management of depressive episodes. Although antidepressants are considered a safe class of drugs, the studies examining the effects of antidepressant prescription on intraocular pressure (IOP) have shown a propensity to increase IOP, but not consistently.

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Background: Computer vision syndrome is a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer use. The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) lockdown has led to an increase in the digital screen exposure as jobs as well as academic learning have majorly shifted online. This has caused an increase in digital eye strain (DES) globally.

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