In vitro and in silico study of the biological activity of tetradentate Schiff base copper(II) complexes with ethylenediamine-bridge.

The biological activity of six structurally similar tetradentate Schiff base copper(II) complexes, namely [Cu(ethylenediamine-bis-acetylacetonate)] (CuAA) and five derivatives where two methyl groups are replaced by phenyl, (CuPP), CF3 (CuTT) or by mixed groups CH3/CF3 (CuAT), Ph/CF3 (CuPT), and Ph/CH3 (CuAP) has been investigated. The set of antioxidant assays was performed, and the results were expressed as IC and EC values. The series of complexes showed interesting bioactivity and were investigated for the determination of antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity.

Antipsychotic Drug-Mediated Adverse Effects on Rat Testicles May Be Caused by Altered Redox and Hormonal Homeostasis.

Sexual dysfunction, as a noticeable adverse effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) for the treatment of schizophrenia, has not been investigated in detail. A study was undertaken to investigate whether 28-day long treatment with clozapine, ziprasidone or sertindole (using a recommended daily dose for atypical antipsychotic therapy), induced histopathological changes both in rat testicles and prostate, changed the activity of the antioxidant defence system and altered blood testosterone and prolactin. Clozapine, ziprasidone and sertindole induced histopathological changes in rat testicular tissue, which could be attributed to a disturbed testicular antioxidant defence system in addition to an altered prolactin to testosterone ratio.

Half of expectant women in Montenegro show iodine deficiency, indicating that supplementation during pregnancy is necessary.

Objective: In this study, iodine level in pregnant women of Montenegro and their needs for supplementation were investigated.

Methods: A urinary iodine concentration (UIC) study of 326 pregnant women between September and December 2017 in three regions of Montenegro was performed. UIC was related to creatinine (UI/Cr ratio).

Study on the assessment of humification processes during biodegradation of heavy residual fuel oil.

The aim of this study was to investigate the creation of humic substances during biodegradation of heavy residual fuel oil, because there are indications that substances similar to humic substances are generated during biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the study, which lasted for 110 days, biodegradation of heavy residual fuel oil was carried out in a layer of artificial soil substrate. The initial concentration of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the prepared artificial soil substrate (biopile) was 23.

Effects of several atypical antipsychotics closapine, sertindole or ziprasidone on hepatic antioxidant enzymes: Possible role in drug-induced liver dysfunction.

Chronic use of atypical antipsychotics may produce hepatic damage. Atypical antipsychotics, including clozapine, sertindole, and ziprasidone, are extensively metabolized by the liver and this process generates toxic-free radical metabolic intermediates which may contribute to liver damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether clozapine, sertindole, or ziprasidone affected hepatic antioxidant defense enzymes which consequently led to disturbed redox homeostasis.

Edaravone May Prevent Ferroptosis in ALS.

Radicava™ (Edaravone) was approved the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a new treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Edaravone is a synthetic antioxidant that specifically targets oxidative damage interacting with lipid radicals in the cell. In ALS disease the multiple cell types are involved in devastating loss of motor neurons.

A Case Report of Exacerbation of Leg Ulcers Associated with Acute High-dose Acetylsalicylic Acid in a Patient with Klinefelter Syndrome.

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequent type of congenital sex-chromosomal disorder caused by at least one extra X chromosome and commonly treated with lifetime testosterone therapy. Ulcerative lesions on lower extremities may occur as a complication of KS. The pathogenesis of ulcers in KS patients has not been clarified on a molecular level.

Opposite clozapine and ziprasidone effects on the reactivity of plasma albumin SH-group are the consequence of their different binding properties dependent on protein fatty acids content.

Antipsychotic drugs interfere with the antioxidant defense system provoking complex and often toxicological effects. Here we examined differences in plasma albumin reduced free thiol (SH) group content and its reactivity as a consequence of clozapine (CLZ) and ziprasidone (ZIP) binding. Chronic administration of CLZ reduced, whereas treatment with ZIP increased albumin-SH content in rats.

Biliverdin-copper complex at physiological pH.

Biliverdin (BV), a product of heme catabolism, is known to interact with transition metals, but the details of such interactions under physiological conditions are scarce. Herein, we examined coordinate/redox interactions of BV with Cu2+ in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, using spectrophotometry, HESI-MS, Raman spectroscopy, 1H NMR, EPR, fluorimetry, and electrochemical methods.

Coordination and redox interactions of β-lactam antibiotics with Cu in physiological settings and the impact on antibacterial activity.

An increase in the copper pool in body fluids has been related to a number of pathological conditions, including infections. Copper ions may affect antibiotics via the formation of coordination bonds and/or redox reactions. Herein, we analyzed the interactions of Cu with eight β-lactam antibiotics using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, EPR spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods.

Apple pectin-derived oligosaccharides produce carbon dioxide radical anion in Fenton reaction and prevent growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Pectin is the main soluble fiber in apples or citruses. It may be fermented by gut microbiota to metabolites showing local intestinal and systemic effects. A wide range of beneficial effects of dietary pectin includes impacts on the redox milieu and microbiota profile.

Redox properties of transitional milk from mothers of preterm infants.

Aim: There is a discrepancy between the amount of transitional milk produced by mothers of preterm infants and the low capacity of premature infants to consume it. This milk can be used in milk banks, but previous studies found that there are large variations in the level of host-defence proteins in individual samples of milk from mothers of premature infants, which implies that large individual variations in antioxidative defence composition are also possible.

Methods: Milk samples were collected from 20 healthy mothers of preterm infants.

Determination of Microelements in Human Milk and Infant Formula Without Digestion by ICP-OES.

The concentrations of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) in both human milk and infant formula were determined using a new sample preparation method, by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectometry (ICP-OES) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Human milk samples were diluted in ultrapure water. The infant formula of powder samples (suitable for an infant 1-6 months of age) and standard reference material (SRM-1849) were analyzed in parallel.

Zinc concentrations in human milk and infant serum during the first six months of lactation.

Normal supply of zinc to the newborn via milk is essential for normal development. Using ICP-OES, we analyzed changes in the level of Zn in milk and infant serum in the neonatal period (Day 1 and Day 28 post partum) and at 6 months after delivery, in the cohort of 60 mothers and exclusively breastfed babies. Zn level in the serum showed increase (significant at 6 months) during this period (mg/mL): Day 1: 0.

Antioxidative Activity of Colostrum and Human Milk: Effects of Pasteurization and Storage.

Objectives: Milk banks collect, pasteurize, and freeze/store human milk. The processing may alter redox properties of milk, but the effects have not been fully examined.

Methods: We collected 10 mature milk and 10 colostrum samples and applied a battery of biochemical assays and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to inspect changes that milk undergoes with pasteurization and 30 days storage at -20°C.

Reactions of superoxide dismutases with HS(-)/H2S and superoxide radical anion: An in vitro EPR study.

Interactions of hydrogen sulfide (HS(-)/H2S), a reducing signaling species, with superoxide dimutases (SOD) are poorly understood. We applied low-T EPR spectroscopy to examine the effects of HS(-)/H2S and superoxide radical anion O2.- on metallocenters of FeSOD, MnSOD, and CuZnSOD.

Dose-dependent survival of K562 cells subjected to irradiation, time course of endogenous enzyme activity and protective effect of applied superoxide dismutase.

Purpose: Irradiation-generated reactive species are proven to affect the cell survival and antioxidant enzyme levels. Radioresistance is a phenomenon which includes many cell mechanisms and signaling pathways. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) acts in and outside of cells after irradiation.

Redox therapy in neonatal sepsis: reasons, targets, strategy, and agents.

Neonatal sepsis is one of the most fulminating conditions in neonatal intensive care units. Antipathogen and supportive care are administered routinely, but do not deliver satisfactory results. In addition, the efforts to treat neonatal sepsis with anti-inflammatory agents have generally shown to be futile.

Metals and electrolytes in sclerotic hippocampi in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

An altered metal and electrolyte profile has been implicated in the pathologic mechanisms of chronic epilepsy; however, no study has comprehensively measured hippocampal concentrations of these elements in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE-HS). We therefore analyzed hippocampi of 24 patients with drug-resistant mTLE-HS (mean age 35.6 ± 9.

Antioxidative system in the erythrocytes of preterm neonates with sepsis: the effects of vitamin E supplementation.

Background: Vitamin E is routinely supplemented to preterm babies, including those with neonatal sepsis. Our aim was to examine the effects of neonatal sepsis and vitamin E on antioxidative system (AOS) in the blood.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, open label study involved 65 preterm neonates (control/sepsis - 34/31), which were divided into two subgroups - non-supplemented and supplemented with vitamin E (25 IU/day for 60 days).

Differences in direct pharmacologic effects and antioxidative properties of mature breast milk and infant formulas.

Objective: Early-onset and exclusive breast-feeding provides a significant health benefit to infants compared with infant formulas. The aim of this study was to compare mature breast milk with standard infant formulas by examining their effects on non-vascular smooth muscle contraction and their antioxidative properties.

Methods: The pharmacologic effects of breast milk and formulas were examined using a model system of the rat uterine smooth muscle contraction.

Bench-to-bedside review: Neonatal sepsis-redox processes in pathogenesis.

The present review is aimed at elucidating the neonatal 'sepsis redox cycle'--the cascade of inflammatory and redox events involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis in neonates. While adult and neonatal sepses share some common features, there are some substantial differences: higher mortality rates occur in adult sepsis and worse long-term effects are evident in neonatal sepsis survivors. Such epidemiological data may be explained by the lower ability of IL6 and IL8 to activate NF-κB-regulated transcription in neonatal sepsis in comparison to TNF-α, which is involved in the mechanisms of adult sepsis.

Bench-to-bedside review: sepsis - from the redox point of view.

The pathogenesis of sepsis and its progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and septic shock have been the subject of investigations for nearly half a century. Controversies still exist with regard to understanding the molecular pathophysiology of sepsis in relation to the complex roles played by reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, complements and cytokines. In the present review we categorise the key turning points in sepsis development and outline the most probable sequence of events leading to cellular dysfunction and organ failure under septic conditions.

A Comparative Investigation of an in vitro and Clinical Test of the Bifidogenic Effect of an Infant Formula.

The bifidogenic effect of an infant formula supplemented with inulin and fructooligosaccharides (4.0 g/l) was examined clinically and in vitro, and compared that of mature breast milk. In a 28-day clinical study, fecal samples of 21 infants, divided into two groups: one receiving the infant formula and the other breast milk, were microbiologically and biochemically examined.

Bioavailability and catalytic properties of copper and iron for Fenton chemistry in human cerebrospinal fluid.

A breakdown in homeostasis of redox-active metals represents an important factor for neurodegeneration. We have used EPR spectroscopy and BMPO spin-trap to investigate the catalytic properties and ligand modulation of redox activity of copper and iron in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In contrast to iron, copper supplementation provoked a statistically significant increase in hydroxyl free radical generation in CSF treated with H(2)O(2).