Characterisation of Cognitive Load Using Machine Learning Classifiers of Electroencephalogram Data.

A high cognitive load can overload a person, potentially resulting in catastrophic accidents. It is therefore important to ensure the level of cognitive load associated with safety-critical tasks (such as driving a vehicle) remains manageable for drivers, enabling them to respond appropriately to changes in the driving environment. Although electroencephalography (EEG) has attracted significant interest in cognitive load research, few studies have used EEG to investigate cognitive load in the context of driving.

Evaluating machine learning techniques for archaeological lithic sourcing: a case study of flint in Britain.

It is 50 years since Sieveking et al. published their pioneering research in Nature on the geochemical analysis of artefacts from Neolithic flint mines in southern Britain. In the decades since, geochemical techniques to source stone artefacts have flourished globally, with a renaissance in recent years from new instrumentation, data analysis, and machine learning techniques.

Inadequate Regulation of the Geological Aspects of Shale Exploitation in the UK.

Unconventional oil and gas exploitation, which has developed in the UK since 2009, is regulated by four main agencies: The Oil and Gas Authority, the Environment Agency, the Health and Safety Executive and local Mineral Planning Authorities (usually county councils). The British Geological Survey only has an advisory role, as have ad hoc expert committees. I firstly define terms, and summarise the remits of the regulators and background history.

Sulfide resorption during crustal ascent and degassing of oceanic plateau basalts.

Mantle plume-related magmas typically have higher chalcophile and siderophile element (CSE) contents than mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). These differences are often attributed to sulfide-under-saturation of plume-related melts. However, because of eruption-related degassing of sulfur (S) and the compositional, pressure, temperature and redox effects on S-solubility, understanding the magmatic behavior of S is challenging.

Jet-launching structure resolved near the supermassive black hole in M87.

Approximately 10% of active galactic nuclei exhibit relativistic jets, which are powered by the accretion of matter onto supermassive black holes. Although the measured width profiles of such jets on large scales agree with theories of magnetic collimation, the predicted structure on accretion disk scales at the jet launch point has not been detected. We report radio interferometry observations, at a wavelength of 1.

A few laced genes: women's standpoint in the feminist ancestry of Dorothy E. Smith.

This article looks at the feminist activism of particular women in the ancestry of the eminent Canadian sociologist, Dorothy E. Smith, and at the archival data that confirm the traces of their influence found in her theory-building. Using the method of interpretative historical sociology and a conceptual framework drawn from Marx called the "productive forces," the article examines the feminist theology of her Quaker ancestor, Margaret Fell, and the militant suffrage activism of her mother and her grandmother, Dorothy Foster Place and Lucy Ellison Abraham, respectively.

Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre.

The cores of most galaxies are thought to harbour supermassive black holes, which power galactic nuclei by converting the gravitational energy of accreting matter into radiation. Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the compact source of radio, infrared and X-ray emission at the centre of the Milky Way, is the closest example of this phenomenon, with an estimated black hole mass that is 4,000,000 times that of the Sun. A long-standing astronomical goal is to resolve structures in the innermost accretion flow surrounding Sgr A*, where strong gravitational fields will distort the appearance of radiation emitted near the black hole.

The management of chalazion: a survey of Ontario ophthalmologists.

Owing to the variability and lack of standardization of chalazion management, a survey of Ontario ophthalmologists was undertaken. The results highlight what ophthalmologists consider to be problems in chalazion management and suggest that a chalazion operation should be treated with the same respect given any other operation.

Measurement of the heparin neutralizing capacity of protamine.

Several methods of estimating the heparin neutralizing capacity of protamine were investigated for their reliability and practicability. The results from two chemical methods were compared with those from two in vitro biological assays, one of which was the method of the British Pharmacopoeia (1973). An in vivo method using mice was used to assess the accuracy of the in vitro test methods.

Stability of oral pancreatin powders.

In-vitro study which duplicated the conditions to which the orally administered pancreatin is exposed in the human stomach showed that the oral administration of pancreatin in uncoated powder form could result in a substantial loss of enzymic activity. Therefore, it may not be an efficacious replacement therapy in pancreatic disorders where pancreatin secretion is reduced.

Comparison of the effects of a synthetic polyribonucleotide with the effects of endotoxin on selected host responses.

An injection of a small dose (1 to 50 mug) of synthetic polyriboinosinic acid complexed with polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:poly C) inhibited the induction of tryptophan oxygenase by cortisone acetate; it induced tyrosine amino transferase, and it accelerated the loss of liver glycogen reserves. It also resulted in first a suppression followed by an activation of the reticuloendothelial system as judged by the rates of carbon clearance from blood. All of these responses are elicited by comparable doses of endotoxin.

Inhibition of hepatic enzyme induction as a sensitive assay for endotoxin.

Bacterial endotoxins in mice reduced the induction by cortisone of two hepatic enzymes, tryptophan oxygenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, they prevented the glyconeogenesis in liver induced by the same hormone, and they induced in intact animals the liver enzyme tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase, all in proportion to their ld(50). When cortisone was given in the least amount (100 mug), it resulted in near maximal induction of tryptophan oxygenase; a smaller amount of endotoxin reduced significantly the level of enzyme than that required when 5 mg of hormone was injected. The smallest amount of endotoxin that prevented tryptophan oxygenase induction was given intravenously to adrenalectomized mice in which 25 mug of cortisone was administered.

Inhibition of inducible liver enzymes by endotoxin and actinomycin D.

Berry, L. Joe (Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.), Dorothy S.

Some metabolic aspects of tolerance to bacterial endotoxin.

Berry, L. Joe (Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.), and Dorothy S.

EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS ON METABOLISM. VII. ENZYME INDUCTION AND CORTISONE PROTECTION.

Cortisone acetate administered to mice at the same time as either the LD(50) or 2 x LD(50) of endotoxin significantly protected against lethality. Delaying the injection of cortisone to 1, 2, or 4 hours after that of endotoxin resulted in loss of protection with the possible exception of a 1 hour delay with the LD(50) of endotoxin. Associated with this loss of protection was the failure of the hormone to induce liver tryptophan pyrrolase.