Assessing the reach and engagement of three anti-vaping messages on Facebook Targeting Australian Youth: a protocol for a randomised trial.

Background: Vaping among 18-24-year-old Australians has increased from 5.8% in 2019 to 21% in 2023. This protocol describes a trial to investigate the dissemination and engagement achieved by three anti-vaping messages on Facebook.

Association of cord blood vitamin D with child neurodevelopment at 7 years of age.

Aim: The role of fetal vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)], one of the nuclear steroid transcription regulators, and brain development is unclear. We previously found a weak but persistent association between cord blood 25(OH)D and child language abilities at 18 months and 4 years of age, but no association with cognition or behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cord blood 25(OH)D and a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes in these same children at 7 years of age.

7.10 MAG. A Novel Host Monoacylglyceride for (Lipid Cubic Phase) Crystallization of Membrane Proteins.

A novel monoacylglycerol, 7.10 MAG, has been produced for use in the (lipid cubic phase) crystallization of membrane proteins and complexes. 7.

Structural analysis of the SAM domain of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial tRNA import receptor.

Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles of endosymbiotic origin with limited protein-coding capacity. The import of nuclear-encoded proteins and nucleic acids is required and essential for maintaining organelle mass, number, and activity. As plant mitochondria do not encode all the necessary tRNA types required, the import of cytosolic tRNA is vital for organelle maintenance.

In-person versus electronic screening for social risks among carers of pediatric inpatients: A mixed methods randomized trial.

We aimed to compare disclosure of social risks according to self-report on an iPad versus face-to-face questions from a health professional and to explore carers' experiences of screening. This two-arm, parallel group, randomized trial was conducted from January 19, 2021, to December 17, 2021, in a public hospital pediatric ward serving a disadvantaged area of an Australian capital city. Carers of children aged ≤ 5 years admitted to the Children's Ward were eligible.

Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and risk of preterm birth: a collaboration using large routine health datasets.

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests an increased risk with both maternal underweight and obesity, with some studies suggesting underweight might be a greater factor in spontaneous PTB (SPTB) and that the relationship might vary by parity. Previous studies have largely explored established body mass index (BMI) categories.

Healthy kids vids: Development and acceptability of narrative healthy lifestyle videos and text messages for parents of young children from socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.

Issue Addressed: Dietary intake and physical activity behaviours of many Australian children are not meeting recommendations, particularly for those living in socioeconomically disadvantaged circumstances. This study aimed to design and assess the feasibility and acceptability of a suite of narrative videos and text messages focused on healthy eating and physical activity behaviours appropriate for parents of young children from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.

Methods: Parents of 1-5-year-old children (n = 6) were recruited to develop a suite of 12 narrative videos on healthy eating and physical activity behaviours, underpinned by theory.

Development and validation of the COVID-19 Impact Scale in Australia.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted and continues to impact the health and well-being of Australian adults. However, there has been no instrument validated to comprehensively measure how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted adults in Australia across several domains (e.g.

Early Childhood Caries Intervention in Aboriginal Australian Children: A Cross-in Randomized Trial.

Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) is the strongest predictor of dental caries in adulthood. Indigenous children have higher levels of ECC compared with non-Indigenous children. The study aimed to estimate the efficacy of an ECC intervention among Aboriginal Australian children.

Structure snapshots reveal the mechanism of a bacterial membrane lipoprotein -acyltransferase.

Bacterial lipoproteins (BLPs) decorate the surface of membranes in the cell envelope. They function in membrane assembly and stability, as enzymes, and in transport. The final enzyme in the BLP synthesis pathway is the apolipoprotein -acyltransferase, Lnt, which is proposed to act by a ping-pong mechanism.

Psychometric properties of the Social Support Scale (SSS) in two Aboriginal samples.

In Australia, despite social support increasingly being reported as playing an important role in influencing health outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, measures of social support have not yet been validated for Aboriginal people. The current study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Social Support Scale in an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander population. The Social Support Scale (SSS) is a 4-item psychological instrument that was designed to evaluate four social support functions, instrumental, informational, emotional and appraisal support.

Psychological Network of Stress, Coping and Social Support in an Aboriginal Population.

Over the past decades, increasing research interest has been directed towards the psychosocial factors that impact Aboriginal health, including stress, coping and social support. However, there has been no study that examined whether the behaviours, cognitions and emotions related to stress, coping and social support constitute a psychological network in an Aboriginal population and that examined its properties. To address this gap, the current study employed a new methodology, network psychometrics, to evaluate stress, coping and social support in an Aboriginal Australian population.

Strategies to Support Sustained Participant Engagement in an Oral Health Promotion Study for Indigenous Children and Their Families in Australia.

The health inequities of Indigenous peoples compared with non-Indigenous peoples are significant and long-standing across many countries. Colonisation and dispossession of land and culture has led to profound and devastating consequences on the health of Indigenous peoples. A lack of trust and cultural security of health services remains a barrier to participation in health care services.

Community gardens and their effects on diet, health, psychosocial and community outcomes: a systematic review.

Background: We systematically reviewed the effects of community gardens on physical and psychosocial health, health behaviors and community outcomes.

Methods: Quantitative studies that examined associations of health, psychosocial or community outcomes with community gardens were included in the review. Studies up to December 2020 were captured from searches of Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, EBSCOHost and CAB Abstracts.

Isolation, marginalisation and disempowerment - understanding how interactions with health providers can influence smoking cessation in pregnancy.

Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy can lead to serious adverse health outcomes for both women and their infants. While smoking in pregnancy has declined over time, it remains consistently higher in women with lower socioeconomic circumstances. Furthermore, fewer women in this group will successfully quit during pregnancy.

Prevalence of breakfast skipping among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional population level study.

Background: Interventions to promote breakfast consumption are a popular strategy to address early life inequalities. It is important to understand the epidemiology of children and adolescents who skip breakfast so that interventions and policy can be appropriately considered. This study investigated the prevalence of breakfast skipping among a contemporary, population-wide sample of children and adolescents in Australia.

Metformin: A promising option for the management of gestational diabetes mellitus - Exploring the benefits, challenges and clinical needs in the current management of gestational diabetes mellitus.

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing. One in three women require insulin to achieve glycaemic targets in GDM. However, it is unclear whether insulin therapy alone is the most effective treatment for all women in achieving glycaemic control and preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Smoking cessation care during pregnancy: A qualitative exploration of midwives' challenging role.

Problem: The majority of South Australian pregnant women who smoke do not quit during pregnancy. Additionally, the prevalence of smoking is higher among pregnant women living in socially disadvantaged areas.

Background: Understanding challenges in midwives' provision of smoking cessation care can elucidate opportunities to facilitate women's smoking cessation.

Can social risks in early life predict children's health and academic outcomes? An analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.

Exposure to social risk in early life negatively impacts the health and wellbeing of children. While screening for social determinants of health is recommended, there is little evidence that identifying social risk early in life predicts longer-term poorer outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which assessing social risk using a standardized tool in young children up to age 6 years might predict poor health and academic performance at 10-11 years old.

Exploring the readiness of senior doctors and nurses to assess and address patients' social needs in the hospital setting.

Background: Adverse social circumstances are a key factor in health outcomes. Hospitals are an opportune setting for assessing and addressing the unmet social needs of patients, however, the readiness of healthcare workers in hospitals to undertake such tasks requires further exploration in the Australian context. This study aimed to generate a theory of doctors' and nurses' readiness to assess and address patients' social needs in a hospital setting.

Child-, Family-, and Community-Level Facilitators for Promoting Oral Health Practices among Indigenous Children.

Despite the preventive nature of oral diseases and their significance for general wellbeing, poor oral health is highly prevalent and has unfavourable ramifications for children around the world. Indigenous children in Australia experience disproportionate rates of early childhood caries compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. Therefore, this paper aims to collate parental experiences and generate an understanding of facilitators for Indigenous childhood oral health.

Bacterial Lipoprotein Posttranslational Modifications. New Insights and Opportunities for Antibiotic and Vaccine Development.

Lipoproteins are some of the most abundant proteins in bacteria. With a lipid anchor to the cell membrane, they function as enzymes, inhibitors, transporters, structural proteins, and as virulence factors. Lipoproteins activate the innate immune system and have biotechnological applications.