Heterogeneous effects of genetic variants and traits associated with fasting insulin on cardiometabolic outcomes.

Elevated fasting insulin levels (FI), indicative of altered insulin secretion and sensitivity, may precede type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease onset. In this study, we group FI-associated genetic variants based on their genetic and phenotypic similarities and identify seven clusters with distinct mechanisms contributing to elevated FI levels. Clusters fall into two types: "non-diabetogenic hyperinsulinemia," where clusters are not associated with increased T2D risk, and "diabetogenic hyperinsulinemia," where T2D associations are driven by body fat distribution, liver function, circulating lipids, or inflammation.

Pin-site related outcomes after temporary staging external fixator pin placement using the self-drilling pin insertion technique.

Objectives: To report on pin-related complications in patients who underwent temporary staging external fixation using a self-drilling pin insertion technique.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single tertiary referral level one trauma center.

First Determination of the Spin-Parity of Ξ_{c}(3055)^{+,0} Baryons.

The Ξ_{b}^{0(-)}→Ξ_{c}(3055)^{+(0)}(→D^{+(0)}Λ)π^{-} decay chains are observed, and the spin-parity of Ξ_{c}(3055)^{+(0)} baryons is determined for the first time. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, recorded by the LHCb experiment between 2016 and 2018.

The influence of seeding method and water depth on the morphology and biomass yield of farmed sugar kelp () at a small-scale cultivation site in the northeast Atlantic.

Seaweed farming is a rapidly growing global industry, driven by increasing demand for biomass with a range of commercial applications. A major barrier limiting expansion of the industry is the need for cost-effective approaches to production. Established twine seeding methods are reliable, but recently developed binder methods offer potential scalability while minimising hatchery costs.

System-Level Transformations to Increase Patient Participation in Clinical Trials.

Purpose: Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Food and Drug Administration allowed cancer clinical trials to make modifications. As policymakers consider sustaining these modifications, understanding patient perspectives on impact is critical.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used survey data collected between August 2021 and September 2021 by the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium and December 2022 by Patient Advocate Foundation among female breast cancer survivors.

In Science Journals.

Highlights from the family of journals.

A common longitudinal intensive care unit data format (CLIF) for critical illness research.

Rationale: Critical illness threatens millions of lives annually. Electronic health record (EHR) data are a source of granular information that could generate crucial insights into the nature and optimal treatment of critical illness.

Objectives: Overcome the data management, security, and standardization barriers to large-scale critical illness EHR studies.

Personalising Antidepressant Treatment for Unipolar Depression Combining Individual Choices, Risks and big Data: The PETRUSHKA Tool: Personnalisation du traitement antidépresseur de la dépression unipolaire associant choix individuels, risques et mégadonnées: l'outil PETRUSHKA.

ObjectiveWe summarize the key steps to develop and assess an innovative online, evidence-based tool that supports shared decision-making in routine care to personalize antidepressant treatment in adults with depression. This PETRUSHKA tool is part of the PETRUSHKA trial (Personalize antidEpressant Treatment foR Unipolar depreSsion combining individual cHoices, risKs, and big datA).MethodsThe PETRUSHKA tool: (a) is based on prediction models, which use a combination of advanced analytics, i.

Characterizing air pollution exposure methodologies in rhinology: a scoping review.

ABST RACTCharacterization of air pollution assessment methodologies in rhinologic disease research is lacking. A scoping review was thus conducted to survey exposure methods in studies examining common rhinologic conditions: allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Several medical databases were queried for variables relating to (1) adults with a diagnosis of CRS or AR and (2) air pollution exposure.

Microfluidic isolation and release of live disseminated breast tumor cells in bone marrow.

Breast cancer represents a significant therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive nature and resistance to treatment. A major cause of treatment failure in breast cancer is the presence of rare, low-proliferative disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in distant organs including the bone marrow. This study introduced a microfluidic-based approach to improve the immunodetection and isolation of these rare DTCs for downstream analysis, with an emphasis on optimizing immunocapture, release, and enrichment methods of live DTCs as compared to the standard approach for blood-borne circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

Facilitating equitable access to genomic testing for advanced cancer: A combined intuition and theory informed approach to intervention development and deployment.

Introduction: Rapid advancements in genomic testing have revolutionised cancer care diagnostics and treatment. However, keeping pace with the evolving genomics knowledge is a challenge for oncologists who are not genomic experts. This detrimentally impacts on equitable patient access to related services and benefits which require training in genomics.

Reigniting the Passion for Medical-Surgical Nursing: Unveiling Its Crucial Role in Health Care.

The declining interest among newly licensed nurses in medical-surgical nursing, compared to other specialties, poses a challenge to healthcare systems as they navigate staffing shortages and experienced nurse turnover in this important area. While the factors influencing specialty preferences remain unclear, nursing professional development practitioners play a vital role in bridging the gap between newly licensed nurses' interests and the essential needs of health care, fostering a stronger alignment and support for this foundational specialty.

Potent P2Y12 inhibitors versus clopidogrel in cancer patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Patients with cancer undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) experience higher risk of both ischemic and bleeding events. The aim of this study is to assess ischemic and bleeding risks after PCI in cancer patients treated with potent P2Y12 inhibitors (P2Y12i; prasugrel and ticagrelor), compared to clopidogrel.

Methods: Consecutive cancer patients undergoing PCI at a tertiary centre between 2012 and 2022 and discharged on P2Y12i were included.

Behavioral microanalyses refine sign-tracking characterization and uncover different response dynamics during omission and extinction learning.

Sign-tracking, a conditioned response in which animals engage with reward-predictive cues, is a powerful behavioral tool for assessing Pavlovian motivation. In rodents, it is most frequently studied via automatic readouts, such as deflections of levers that act as reward cues. These readouts have been immensely helpful, but they may not be ideal for some tasks and paradigms.

Phosphatidylethanol clearance after packed red blood cell transfusion.

Objectives: Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a long-term marker of alcohol consumption used clinically for evaluating abstinence in patients including transplant candidates. Packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion can introduce exogenous PEth to recipients, complicating interpretation. This study evaluated the kinetics and duration of PEth 16:0/18:1 positivity post-transfusion.

Family history of type 2 diabetes and the risk of type 2 diabetes among young and middle-aged adults.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been growing among younger and middle-aged adults in the United States. A portion of this increase for this age group may be attributable to shared type 2 diabetes risks with family members. How family history of type 2 diabetes history is associated with type 2 diabetes risk among younger and middle-aged adults is not well understood.

Convergent evolution of complex adaptive traits modulates angiogenesis in high-altitude Andean and Himalayan human populations.

Convergent adaptations represent paradigmatic examples of the capacity of natural selection to influence organisms' biology. However, the possibility to investigate the genetic determinants underpinning convergent complex adaptive traits has been offered only recently by methods for inferring polygenic adaptations from genomic data. Relying on this approach, we demonstrate how high-altitude Andean human groups experienced pervasive selective events at angiogenic pathways, which resemble those previously attested for Himalayan populations despite partial convergence at the single-gene level was observed.

Detection of cognitive impairment, dementia and associated risk factors among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: Retrospective baseline audit results from a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience high rates of dementia, cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) and associated risk factors. The objective of this paper is to outline baseline audit results of documented dementia, CIND and associated risk factors in patients attending Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs).

Methods: Twelve ACCHOs in urban, regional and remote locations across Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia participated in the study.

Ultrasound Beyond Joints: A Review of Extra-Articular Applications in Rheumatology.

Purpose Of Review: This review highlights key ultrasound applications for evaluating extra-articular involvement in rheumatic diseases, including the lungs, vessels, salivary glands, muscles, nerves, skin, and nails. It explores recent advances, emerging areas of assessment, and future research directions. Additionally, the review examines current limitations in the routine use of ultrasound for these purposes and considers the potential of new technologies, such as shear-wave elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and artificial intelligence, to enhance the early detection and monitoring of extra-articular manifestations in rheumatic diseases.

Reawakening inflammation in the chronically injured spinal cord using lipopolysaccharide induces diverse microglial states.

Background: Rehabilitative training is an effective method to promote recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI), with lower training efficacy observed in the chronic stage. The increased training efficacy during the subacute period is associated with a shift towards a more adaptive or proreparative state induced by the SCI. A potential link is SCI-induced inflammation, which is elevated in the subacute period, and, as injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alongside training improves recovery in chronic SCI, suggesting LPS could reopen a window of plasticity late after injury.

Measurement of the Branching Fraction Ratios R(D^{+}) and R(D^{*+}) Using Muonic τ Decays.

The branching fraction ratios of B[over ¯]^{0}→D^{+}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ} and B[over ¯]^{0}→D^{*+}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ} decays are measured with respect to their muonic counterparts, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0  fb^{-1} collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV. The reconstructed final states are formed by combining D^{+} mesons with τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}ν_{τ} candidates, where the D^{+} is reconstructed via the D^{+}→K^{-}π^{+}π^{+} decay.

Midodrine initiation criteria, dose titration, and adverse effects when administered to treat shock: A systematic review and semi-quantitative analysis.

Objective: Systematically examine the literature describing midodrine to treat shock and to summarize current administration and dosing strategies.

Data Sources: Structured literature search conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed) from inception through May 10, 2023.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Abstracts and full texts were assessed for inclusion by two blinded, independent reviewers.

Understanding the role of patient communication protocols in sexually transmissible infections point-of-care testing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in remote communities: a qualitative study.

Background Untreated sexually transmissible infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae can lead to serious health issues, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility in women, increased HIV risk, and emotional distress. Timely testing and treatment are crucial for reducing transmission. Australia's STI Management Guidelines recommend regular STI testing every 6-12months for sexually active individuals aged 15-35 years in high-prevalence, remote areas.

Oral contraceptive pill phase does not influence muscle protein synthesis or myofibrillar proteolysis at rest or in response to resistance exercise.

There is speculation that the use of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) affects skeletal muscle biology and protein turnover in response to resistance exercise; however, research in this area is scarce. We aimed to assess, using stable isotope tracers and skeletal muscle biopsies, how second-generation OCP phase affected muscle protein synthesis and whole body proteolysis. Participants ( = 12) completed two 6-day study phases in a randomized order: an active pill phase (active; of a monthly active OCP cycle) and an inactive pill phase (inactive; final week of a monthly OCP cycle).