Application of center for disease control and prevention standardized antimicrobial administration ratio to an Indian hospital.

Background: Rigorous antibiotic stewardship is advised by international societies to combat rising antibiotic resistance. A major component of these programs is the metric used for antibiotic consumption measurement. A method for standardized antimicrobial administration ratio (SAAR) is suggested by the Centre for Disease Control & Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).

An international prospective study of INICC analyzing the incidence and risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections in 235 ICUs across 8 Asian Countries.

Background: Identify urinary catheter (UC)-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) incidence and risk factors (RF) in 235 ICUs in 8 Asian countries: India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Methods: From January 1, 2014, to February 12, 2022, we conducted a prospective cohort study. To estimate CAUTI incidence, the number of UC days was the denominator, and CAUTI was the numerator.

Evaluation of T and B cell immunophenotyping and antibody response post Covid-19 vaccination.

Purpose: To evaluate T and B cell subsets and IgG antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 post COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: A total of 50 healthy adults (18-60 years) receiving anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (COVISHIELD) were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected from participants at 3 time points; just before vaccination (Visit 0, V), just before booster dose (Visit 1, V) and 6th month after 1st dose (Visit 2, V).

Seroprevalence of Covid-19 infection among healthcare workers: A study from a tertiary care hospital in the National Capital Region of India.

Background Seroprevalence studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can provide information on the target populations for vaccination. We aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence among healthcare workers (HCWs) at our tertiary care institution and to identify parameters that may affect it. Method We assessed seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 by the chemiluminescence immunoassay test among 3258 HCW in our hospital and evaluated as per gender, age, their previous Covid-19 diagnosis, role in hospital and type/risk of exposure.

Multinational prospective cohort study over 18 years of the risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in 9 Asian countries: INICC findings.

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) rates in Asia are several times above those of US. The objective of this study is to identify VAP risk factors.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study, between March 27, 2004 and November 2, 2022, in 279 ICUs of 95 hospitals in 44 cities in 9 Asian countries (China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam).

Safety, immunogenicity & effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital.

Background & Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant global morbidity and mortality. As the vaccination was rolled out with prioritization on healthcare workers (HCWs), it was desirable to generate evidence on effectiveness of vaccine in prevailing real-life situation for policy planning. The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety, effectiveness and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination among HCWs in a tertiary care hospital.

Risk factors for mortality over 18 years in 317 ICUs in 9 Asian countries: The impact of healthcare-associated infections.

Objective: To identify risk factors for mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) in Asia.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The study included 317 ICUs of 96 hospitals in 44 cities in 9 countries of Asia: China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.

The impact of COVID-19 on health care-associated infections in intensive care units in low- and middle-income countries: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) findings.

Background: This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care-associated infection (HAI) incidence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Patients from 7 LMICs were followed up during hospital intensive care unit (ICU) stays from January 2019 to May 2020. HAI rates were calculated using the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Surveillance Online System applying the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) criteria.

Condensation Product of p-anisaldehyde and L-phenylalanine: Fluorescent "on-off" Sensor for Cu and IMPLICATION Logic Gate.

(Z)-2-(4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid (L) synthesized by condensation of p-anisaldehyde and L-phenylalanine acts as selective fluorescent as well as voltammetric sensor for Cu in 2:1 (v/v) CHOH:HO. The fluorescence intensity of L (λ 425 nm) is quenched ca. 65% by Cu.

Emergence of clonal fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis clinical isolates in a multicentre laboratory-based surveillance study in India.

Objectives: The emergence of fluconazole resistance in Candida parapsilosis healthcare-associated infections has recently been increasingly reported. Antifungal susceptibility profiles and mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in C. parapsilosis (n = 199) from nine hospitals in India collected over a period of 3 years were studied.

Cutaneous mucormycosis as a presenting feature of type 1 diabetes in a boy - case report and review of the literature.

Background: Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal complication of diabetes. The rhino-orbito-cerebral form is the most common presentation, however, rarely other types can also be seen.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 4½ -year-old boy not previously known to be a diabetic who presented to the plastic surgery department for gangrene of the left middle finger with surrounding erythema and induration.

Absence of Azole or Echinocandin Resistance in Candida glabrata Isolates in India despite Background Prevalence of Strains with Defects in the DNA Mismatch Repair Pathway.

infections are increasing worldwide and exhibit greater rates of antifungal resistance than those with other species. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene deletions, such as , in resulting in a mutator phenotype have recently been reported to facilitate rapid acquisition of antifungal resistance. This study determined the antifungal susceptibility profiles of 210 isolates in 10 hospitals in India and investigated the impact of novel polymorphisms on mutation potential.

A multicentre study of antifungal susceptibility patterns among 350 Candida auris isolates (2009-17) in India: role of the ERG11 and FKS1 genes in azole and echinocandin resistance.

Background: Candida auris has emerged globally as an MDR nosocomial pathogen in ICU patients.

Objectives: We studied the antifungal susceptibility of C. auris isolates (n = 350) from 10 hospitals in India collected over a period of 8 years.

Current perspective on emergence, diagnosis and drug resistance in .

is an emerging fungus that presents a serious threat to global health. The organism is difficult to identify using conventional biochemical methods. has also attracted attention because of its reduced susceptibility to azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins, with a few strains even resistant to all three classes of antifungals.

Condensation Product of Phenylalanine and Salicylaldehyde: Fluorescent Sensor for Zn(2.).

The condensation product of phenylalanine and salicylaldehyde (L) was synthesised and characterised which was found to be selective fluorescent "off-on" sensor for Zn(2+) ion with the detection limit 10(-5) M. The sensor is free of interferences from metal ions - Na(+), K(+), Al(3+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Hg(2+). The Fluorescence and the UV/visible spectral data reveals a 1:1 interaction between the sensor and Zn(2+) ion with binding constant 10(8).

Renal Abscess Caused by Salmonella Typhi.

Salmonella typhi is a true pathogen, which is capable of causing both intestinal and extraintestinal infections. Unusual presentations of Salmonella should always be kept in mind as this organism can cause disease in almost any organ of the body. S.

A New Fluorescent "Off-On" Sensor for Al(3+) Derived from L-alanine and Salicylaldehyde.

The condensation product of L-alanine and salicylaldehyde was synthesised and characterised which was found to be selective fluorescent "on" sensor for Al(3+) ion with the detection limit 10(-6) M. The sensor is free of interferences from metal ions - Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Fe(3+). The Fluorescence and the UV/visible spectral data reveals a 1:1 interaction between the sensor and Al(3+) ion with binding constant 10(4.

Epstein-Barr virus infection-Related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

We report a case of 27-year-old female diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) following a recent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. A known case of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis on corticosteroids for last 6 months presented to the critical care unit with fever, maculopapular rash and difficulty in breathing. A rapid and correct diagnosis with the precise treatment led to complete recovery of this patient.

Unusual presentation of a culture-positive right atrial mass.

We report a patient with a mass in the right atrium which led to pulmonary embolism. Postoperatively the mass was identified as a tuberculoma and it was culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Patient responded to modified antitubercular treatment and discharged from hospital in satisfactory condition.

Salicylaldehyde phenylhydrazone: a new highly selective fluorescent lead (II) probe.

The fluorescence intensity of salicylaldehyde phenylhydrazone (L), in 1:1 (v/v) CH3OH:H2O was enhanced by ca. 100 times with a blue shift in emission maximum, on interaction with Pb(2+) ion. No enhancement in fluorescent intensity of L was observed on interaction with metal ions - Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+) and Hg(2+).

Comparison of DNA Extraction Protocols for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Background: Several nucleic acid amplification techniques are available for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples, but insufficient data are available on the diagnostic utility of these techniques in tubercular meningitis where bacilli load is less. The success of final amplification and detection of nucleic acid depends on successful extraction of DNA from the organism.

Aims: We performed this study to compare four methods of extraction of MTB DNA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples so as to select one method of DNA extraction for amplification of nucleic acid from clinical samples.