Dysregulated genes in HIGK-treated and their possible association with HNSCC.

The present study aims to identify the differentially expressed genes in HIGK treated with and their possible role in establishing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The study design follows a computational approach wherein multiple databases and tools are used to derive the possible association between exposure and the development of HNSCC. The GEOmnibus dataset GSE6927 provided data on the differentially expressed genes in the HIGK treated with .

Differential gene expression profile in treated human gingival keratinocytes and their role in the development of HNSCC.

Background: Periodontitis is considered to be one of the major risk factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity. Periodontogenic pathogens such as and are the important pathogens associated with periodontitis. Chronic exposure to bacterial components induces changes in the nearby cells.

Correlating the genetic alterations and expression profile of the gene in HNSCC and LUSC.

Transformer (TRA2B) is a serine/arginine-rich (SR)-like protein family that regulates the alternative splicing of several genes in a concentration-dependent manner. Amplification of the TRA2B gene, which codes for TRA2B, occurs in several malignancies, including those of the lung, cervix, head and neck, ovary, stomach, and uterine.

Evaluation of phyto-gallic acid as a potential inhibitor of efflux pump mediated tetracycline resistance: an and in-silico study.

Plants contain many bioactive compounds with potent antibacterial and efflux pump inhibitory activity (EPI). In this study, gallic acid extracted from pomegranate molasses by analytical HPLC holds promise as an EPI drug for mediated tetracycline resistance, it lowered the bacterial resistance and reversed the mechanism family efflux pump, using molecular technique and molecular docking analysis. Extracted gallic acid combined with tetracycline demonstrated a significant decrease in the minimal inhibitory concentration MIC compared to its single activity.

Hijacking the epigenetic mechanisms of .

Epigenetic mechanisms attribute to the resistance and virulence of sparking a renewed area of research. Unveiling the targets pertained to the epigenetic modulation in the bacterium would aid in the curbing its complications in various recalcitrant infections. This review thus throws light on the various epigenetic mechanisms exhibited by , urging the need to implement epigenetic based novel strategies in precision medicine.

The Implementation of HIV Self-Testing in Resource-Limited Settings Where the HIV Disease Burden is High.

In resource-limited settings, there is growing evidence that HIV testing is lacking among high-risk key populations such as men having sex with men, injection drug users, and transgenders largely due to stigma, discrimination, and lack of confidentiality. Findings from recent studies among high-risk key populations and the general population from various regions including resource-limited settings support the need for wider accessibility of HIV self-testing (HIV-ST) to reach those who may not otherwise have access to testing. Therefore, HIV-ST has untapped potential as a strategy to improve access to HIV testing and to increase testing frequency among key high-risk populations and their partners.

Moonlighting proteins [ML proteins]: The pandora's box of insidious oro-dental diseases.

Oral pathogens survive in the harsh niche of the oral microbiome on account of a plethora of moonlighting [ML] proteins that can multitask in the oro-mucosal layers. ML proteins are considered as the complex protein hyperspace expressed in many oral bacterial pathogens and encompass many hypothetical and experimentally evidenced proteins that can efficiently assist in the initiation and progression of various oro-dental infections. With the propensity of multi-drug resistance and biofilm formation, unravelling the mysterious functions associated with the oral ML proteins could be essential in targeting the vital oral bacteria and their associated infections.

Evaluation of Microbial Leakage at Implant Abutment Interfact for Different Implant Systems: An In Vitro Study.

Two-stage implant systems result in gaps and cavities between implant and abutment that can act as a trap for bacteria and thus possibly cause inflammatory reactions in the peri-implant soft tissues. These gaps between the components are inevitable, and their clinical significance has so far been mostly neglected by both manufacturers and clinicians. This study is thus intended to evaluate microbial leakage at implant abutment interface in different implant systems.

Genistein binding protein targets in dental pathogens.

Oral pathogens have created a menace in recent years due to biofilm formation and antimicrobial drug resistance. The current treatment strategy works well with antibiotics. However, constant use of antibiotics creates a selective pressure, which increases adaptability of the pathogens.

Aberrations in SMAD family of genes among HNSCC patients.

Head and neck cancer is a debilitating disease with several etiological factors. One of the main etiologies to be noticed is the alteration, which is either caused by genetic or environmental factors. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the effect of genetic alterations, especially the non-synonymous mutations of the SMAD gene family and its possible association with HNSCC.

Protein targets in red complex pathogens for catechin.

The development of antimicrobial drug resistance has encouraged scientists to develop alternate methods to combat infectious pathogens associated with dental diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to predict interactions for catechin (a plant derived compound) with protein targets in the red complex pathogens using computer aided network tools. However, in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the antimicrobial effect of catechin (gallocatechin, epicatechin, epigallactocatechin (EGC) and gallolyl catechins) on the dental pathogens.

Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii in proteins moonlighting.

The diverse function of the moonlighting proteins in Acinetobacter baumannii is highly associated with its virulence that had spurred renewed attention in recent years. The existing and newly formed hypothetical moonlighting proteins, evolve without jeopardizing the structural constraints of their original roles. It is yet uncertain and undefined to lucidly describe the functions of the moonlighting proteins in A.

Characterization of biofilm producing methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci from India.

Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) cause infectious diseases due to their potential to form biofilm and further colonization in hospital materials. This study evaluated the antibiotic susceptible phenotypes, biofilm-producing ability, and biofilm-associated genes (mecA, icaAD, bap, cna, and fnbA). Biofilm formation was detected through Congo red agar (CRA) method and MTP method.

Protean role of epigenetic mechanisms and their impact in regulating the Tregs in TME.

Constitutive expression of Foxp3+ Tregs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) specifically renders immune suppression in the tumor tissues. Being highly stable and self-tolerant, Tregs may be influenced by various epigenetic-associated mechanisms while exhibiting their functions. DNA methylation, histone acetylation, epigenetic silencing, alteration in chromatin networks, etc.

Detection of gene in carbapenem-resistant strains and targeting with biocompounds.

Objectives: Carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) is considered highly virulent due to csgA gene-mediated biofilm formation. The present study aimed to target the same gene, employing the antibiofilm effect of () essential oil compounds among CRAB strains.

Materials And Methods: A semi-quantitative adherent bioassay was performed to detect the biofilm formation in 73 CRAB strains.

Genetic alterations in Wnt family of genes and their putative association with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most frequent type of head and neck cancer that usually arises from the mucosal surfaces of several organs including nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, and larynx. The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial mechanism for cellular maintenance and development. It regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

Deciphering the genetic alterations in matrix metallo-proteinase gene family and its putative association with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) a group of zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes which play a key role in tumorigenesis by degrading almost all extracellular matrix (ECM) components. MMPs are associated with tumour progression including invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and poor prognosis. Genetic alterations such as single nucleotide variations and other gross chromosomal abnormalities have been found to drive the process of malignant transformation.

Delineating the Immuno-Dominant Antigenic Vaccine Peptides Against gacSSensor Kinase in : An Investigational Approach.

Objectives: To predict the novel vaccine peptide candidates against gacS protein involved with the citrate utilization in the two-component system of -associated virulence as an alternative strategy to combat the multi-drug resistant strains using an immuno-informatic approach.

Methods: The study is designed as an observational study design with the application of BepiPred, AlgPred, VaxiJen, AntigenPro, SolPro, Expasy ProtParam server, IEDB database, and MHC cluster analytical tools and servers to predict the immuno-dominant B-cell and T-cell epitopes from gacS FASTA sequences retrieved from UNIPROT database. Further peptide interactions with TLR-4 was assessed based on the number of hydrogen bonds.

Computational approach towards identification of pathogenic missense mutations in gene and their possible association with amelogenesis imperfecta.

Amelogenin gene encodes an enamel protein called amelogenin, which plays a vital role in tooth development. Any mutations in this gene or the associated pathway lead to developmental abnormalities of the tooth. The present study aims to analyze functional missense mutations in genes and derive an association with amelogenesis imperfecta.

Prevalence of carbapenem-hydrolyzing OXA-type β-lactamases among Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with severe urinary tract infection.

Acinetobacter baumannii produces carbapenemase-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs) as one of the major drug resistance mechanisms. This investigation is thus aimed to assess the prevalence and to characterize the CHDL-producing strains of A. baumannii by both phenotypic assays and genotypic characterization.

A computational study targeting the mutated L321F of ERG11 gene in C. albicans, associated with fluconazole resistance with bioactive compounds from Acacianilotica.

Background: Emergence of fluconazole resistance mediated by L321F mutation in the ERG11 gene poses a serious impediment in the candidal treatment process. This leads to the search of novel target proteins to develop newer drugs against fluconazole resistant C. albicans.

An in silico approach towards identification of virulence factors in red complex pathogens targeted by reserpine.

Oral cavity hosts an exhaustive collection of microorganisms which are known to be associated with disease such as dental caries, periodontal and deep-seated infections. Elimination of these pathogens from the site of infection remains a perplexing task, which demands the use of antibiotics. The emergence of drug resistant forms has spurred interest into identifying novel therapeutic targets against these pathogens.

An insight into the emergence of as an oro-dental pathogen and its drug resistance gene profile - An in silico approach.

Background: , a potential nosocomial pathogen has stealthily gained entry into the oral cavity. Their association with other pathogens like in chronic and aggressive periodontitis cases is well documented. The magnitude of problem caused by could be attributed to resistance genes acquired by the organism.