Assessing Patient Acceptance of an Automated Algorithm to Identify Ciswomen for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.

The use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in cisgender women (ciswomen) lags far behind their need. Data elements from the electronic medical record (EMR), including diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection (STI), can be incorporated into automated algorithms for identifying clients who are most vulnerable to HIV and would benefit from PrEP. However, it is unknown how women feel about the use of such technology.

Intracranial growing teratoma syndrome (iGTS): an international case series and review of the literature.

Purpose: Intracranial growing teratoma syndrome (iGTS) is a rare phenomenon of paradoxical growth of a germ cell tumor (GCT) during treatment despite normalization of tumor markers. We sought to evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics and outcome of iGTS in Western countries.

Methods: Pediatric patients from 22 North American and Australian institutions diagnosed with iGTS between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively evaluated.

Improved neuropsychological outcomes following proton therapy relative to X-ray therapy for pediatric brain tumor patients.

Background: Survivors of pediatric brain tumors are at risk for impaired development in multiple neuropsychological domains. The purpose of this study was to compare neuropsychological outcomes of pediatric brain tumor patients who underwent X-ray radiotherapy (XRT) versus proton radiotherapy (PRT).

Methods: Pediatric patients who underwent either XRT or PRT and received posttreatment age-appropriate neuropsychological evaluation-including measures of intelligence (IQ), attention, memory, visuographic skills, academic skills, and parent-reported adaptive functioning-were identified.

Is Ultrasound a Useful Adjunct in the Management of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Purpose: In patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), depth of tumor invasion (DOI) is correlated with prognosis. Tumor thickness (TT) is often used as a surrogate measurement of DOI. The aim of this study was to estimate TT in a sample of patients with OSCC using ultrasound sonography (USS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinical assessment and compare these estimates with TT of the final surgical specimen.

Morning glory disc anomaly and ipsilateral sporadic optic pathway glioma.

Purpose: To present a rare case of morning glory disc anomaly in association with an ipsilateral low grade glioma.

Observations: A 5 year old male presented with a unilateral morning glory disc anomaly and an ipsilateral sporadic optic pathway glioma with chiasmal involvement. After a strict patching regimen his vision improved from 20/400 to 20/80.

Blood-brain barrier-adapted precision medicine therapy for pediatric brain tumors.

Targeted chemotherapeutics provide a promising new treatment option in neuro-oncology. The ability of these compounds to penetrate the blood-brain barrier is crucial for their successful incorporation into patient care. "CNS Targeted Agent Prediction" (CNS-TAP) is a multi-institutional and multidisciplinary translational program established at the University of Michigan for evaluating the central nervous system (CNS) activity of targeted therapies in neuro-oncology.

Limiting Antibiotics When Managing Mandible Fractures May Not Increase Infection Risk.

Purpose: To estimate and compare 1) the frequencies of surgical site infections (SSIs) and 2) adverse antibiotic effects (AAEs) between patients who receive only intraoperative antibiotics (study group) and those who receive intraoperative antibiotics plus additional preoperative or postoperative antibiotics (control group) while undergoing operative treatment of open mandibular fractures.

Materials And Methods: The authors designed a retrospective cohort study and enrolled a sample derived from patients presenting to the Harborview Medical Center from 2009 through 2014 for the management of open mandibular fractures. Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age with open, isolated mandibular fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation using transoral approaches or closed reduction and intermaxillary fixation.

Low doses of celecoxib attenuate gut barrier failure during experimental peritonitis.

The intestinal barrier becomes compromised during systemic inflammation, leading to the entry of luminal bacteria into the host and gut origin sepsis. Pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory gut barrier failure is an important problem in critical care. In this study, we examined the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the production of inflammatory prostanoids, in gut barrier failure during experimental peritonitis in mice.

Genetic modification of airway progenitors after lentiviral gene delivery to the amniotic fluid of murine fetuses.

Lentiviral vectors with the firefly luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenes were delivered to the amniotic fluid of murine fetuses at Embryonic Day (E) 14.5 or E16.5.

Prevention of graft-versus-host disease by anti IL-7Ralpha antibody.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continues to be a serious complication that limits the success of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Using IL-7-deficient murine models, we have previously shown that IL-7 is necessary for the pathogenesis of GVHD. In the present study, we determined whether GVHD could be prevented by antibody-mediated blockade of IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Ralpha) signaling.

Reward dominance and passive avoidance learning in adolescent psychopaths.

This study tests predictions that adolescent psychopaths are hyperresponsive to rewards (Quay, 1988) and deficient in passive avoidance learning (Newman & Kosson, 1986). Forty male adolescent juvenile offenders were divided into psychopaths and nonpsychopaths using cluster analysis. Subjects were administered a passive avoidance learning task which required learning when to respond to cards associated with either reward or punishment.

Reduced lateralization in verbal dichotic listening in adolescent psychopaths.

One possible explanation for previous findings of abnormal linguistic processing in psychopaths is that they are less lateralized for verbal processes. This study tests the hypothesis that adolescent psychopaths show evidence of reduced lateralization on a verbal dichotic listening task. Four self-report and behavioral measures of psychopathy were used to define psychopathy using cluster analytic techniques in 40 juvenile offenders aged 13 to 18 years.

Lymphocyte cytotoxicity testing in patients and families with retinoblastoma.

This study tested lymphocyte cytotoxicity from patients with retinoblastoma. Lymphocytes were tested against two permanent cell lines, WERI and Y-79. Normal volunteers served as controls.