A record linkage study on former police detainees who died in Amsterdam between 2013 and 2015.

Background: Police detainees are known to have inferior health. This study identifies the number of former police detainees who received medical care among deaths examined by forensic physicians and presents their death characteristics.

Methods: We included all deaths that were examined by forensic physicians of the Public Health Service Amsterdam from 2013 to 2015.

Impact of the Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative on Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Practice.

This paper describes the goals of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists' Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative (PPMI) and its recommendations for health-system pharmacy practice transformation to meet future patient care needs and elevate the role of pharmacists as patient care providers. PPMI envisions a future in which pharmacists have greater responsibility for medication-related outcomes and technicians assume greater responsibility for product-related activities. Although the PPMI recommendations have elevated the level of practice in many settings, they also potentially affect existing clinical pharmacists, in general, and clinical pharmacy specialists, in particular.

Oral mucosal lesions in older people: relation to salivary secretion, systemic diseases and medications.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a sample of older Danish people and to investigate their associations with age, gender, systemic diseases, medications, xerostomia and salivary secretion.

Methods: A total of 668 community-dwelling individuals aged 65-95 years underwent a clinical examination, measurements of unstimulated and stimulated whole and labial salivary flow rates and an interview regarding xerostomia, general health, medication, tobacco and alcohol habits.

Results: Seventy-five per cent of all participants and 70% of the non-medicated ones had one or more oral mucosal lesions.

Associations between oral and ocular dryness, labial and whole salivary flow rates, systemic diseases and medications in a sample of older people.

Objective: To investigate the associations between age, gender, systemic diseases, medications, labial and whole salivary flow rates and oral and ocular dryness in older people.

Methods: Symptoms of oral and ocular dryness, systemic diseases, medications (coded according to the Anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification system), tobacco and alcohol consumption were registered, and unstimulated labial (LS) and unstimulated (UWS) and chewing-stimulated (SWS) whole salivary flow rates were measured in 668 randomly selected community-dwelling elderly aged 65-95.

Results: Presence of oral (12%) and ocular (11%) dryness was positively correlated.

Associations between labial and whole salivary flow rates, systemic diseases and medications in a sample of older people.

Objective: To investigate the associations between age, gender, systemic diseases, medications and labial and whole salivary flow rates in older people.

Methods: Unstimulated labial (LS) and unstimulated (UWS) and chewing-stimulated (SWS) whole salivary flow rates were measured in 389 randomly selected community-dwelling Danish women and 279 men aged 65-97 years. Systemic diseases, medications (coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System), tobacco and alcohol consumption were registered.

[The importance of an assessment of dysphagia for patients with a stroke].

This paper describes a study which was carried out within a project regarding the assessment of dysphagia for patients who had suffered a stroke. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate formatively the implementation of an assessment instrument for the care of patients with dysphagia. By means of a qualitative study semi-structured interviews with six nurses of a stroke unit were carried out.

Polymorphic drug metabolizing CYP-enzymes--a pathogenic factor in oral lichen planus?

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucosal disease with a characteristic clinical phenotype. Environmental exposures, e.g.

[Maturational quality, adaptation reactions and clinical-chemical blood values in automatically milk-fed bred milk calves].

Calves of the dairy herd were used for this investigation. Body weight and growth rate were measured at 4, 6, 10, 12 and 13 weeks of life and venous blood acid base status, gas content, creatinine, urea, total protein, Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Cl, Fe and catecholamine content at 15 days and at 90 days of age as well. Changes of blood values were analyzed in connection with growth performance and with the blood values of calves at 15 days of age testing the individually different degrees of adaptation and development.

[Thyroid hormones in dairy calves after birth and in the first days of life. Amplitude of variation, maternal-fetal relationships and reaction patterns specific to the individual].

Dairy calves and their dams from the dairy herd of the institute were used for this investigation. Calvings were watch carefully and jugular venous blood samples taken immediately after delivery from the cow and the calf and in the calf at 24 hours and at 48 hours of postnatal age as well were analyzed for T4, FT4, T3 and FT3 by luminescence enzyme immunoassay (LEIA). Higher thyroid values in calves than in their dams could be found increasing short after birth and reaching their highest level within 24 hours of postnatal life.

[Thyroid hormones in cesarean-delivered suckling calves after birth and in the first days of life--maternofetal relations and early postnatal adaptation reactions].

Caesarean section delivered suckler calves and their dams from the mother cow herd were used for this investigation. Jugular venous blood samples taken immediately after delivery from the cow and the calf and in the calf at 24 hours and at 48 hours of postnatal age as well were analyzed for T4, FT4, T3 and FT3 by luminescence enzyme immunoassay. Strong correlation between the thyroid hormone values of the cow and those of the calf could be found.

[Clinical chemical and hematological blood values and adaptation reactions in suckling calves in the first weeks of life].

Suckler calves of the mother cow herd were used for this investigation. Body weight, growth rate and venous blood acid base status, gas content, creatinine, urea, lactate, total protein, albumin, Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cl were measured at 20, 60 and 90 days of postnatal life. Body weight and growth rate showed strong correlations with some blood values especially at 60 and 90 days of age meaning that adaptation is performed successful in some calves and incomplete in others.

[Adaptation reaction of dairy calves in the first days of life. Effects of type of delivery and individuality of the newborn].

Surveying a calving period of tethered dairy cows, newborn dairy calves of different breeds were investigated just after birth and at 24 hours and 48 hours of their postnatal life as well. Blood samples taken by venipuncture in calves were analyzed for acid-base-balance, hemoglobin, catecholamine and cortisol. Comparing the mean values of the newborns from calvings without assistance, with slight pulling and with heavy pulling, differences could be found only in the first hours of postnatal life between some of them without hemoglobin content of the blood that was of individually specificity and all the time lowest in calves delivered by heavy traction.

[Reactions of heifers in early pregnancy and their offspring delivered at term by cesarean section and in the first postpartum days in a cow-calf operation].

In 11 heifers originating from one mother cow herd and in their offspring delivered by cesarean section heart rate recordings were taken during their staying in the calving box and later on in group housing. Heart rate showed a rhythmicity in accordance with behavioural physiological reactions. The mean heart rate of a 24 hour period in an animal was different between and within the newborn and elder animals.

[Heart rate frequency and constitutional features of high yielding dairy cows in intensively managed and environmentally protected pasture].

The heart rate measured continuously in grazing cows over 24 hours is significantly different during specific behavioural patterns of an animal and is influenced by the stage of pregnancy of the cow. Repeated measurements of blood urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin and glucose concentration in these animals permit conclusions about the changes of body weight and of the liver function and hormonal integration of energy substrate supply. Living on pasture during the summer period the cows showed the lowest hemoglobin content and hematocrit level of the blood, which increased when the animals were housed in autumn or when near the end of their final trimester of pregnancy.

[The hemoglobin concentration in the blood of dairy cattle of different breeds and their offspring during the peripartum period].

Blood samples taken repeatedly from dairy cows on pasture (50 Holstein-Friesian) and then from 181 cows and their newborn calves within 5 to 10 min after birth were used for measurement of haemoglobin content (Hb). Hb decreased with ongoing lactation and pregnancy, increased several weeks before parturition and reached its highest value shortly after birth. There was some individual, breed and age specificity of Hb in dairy cows.

Behavior and heart rate of heifers housed in tether stanchions without straw.

The effect of tether housing without straw was studied in eight heifers over a 12-week period. Resting behavior was recorded in the first and the twelfth week and heart rate (HR) in the twelfth week and compared to that of eight control heifers kept in a group on deep straw. Tethered heifers changed body position from standing to lying and vice versa significantly less often, and frequency of lying intention movements prior to lying down was significantly increased in tethered heifers.

Behavior, episodic secretion of cortisol, and adrenocortical reactivity in bulls subjected to tethering.

To study the effect of individual housing on behavior and adrenocortical activity, eight bulls were moved to a novel housing environment and subjected to 5 weeks of tethering in individual stanchions with a concrete and partially slatted floor. During the first and fourth week, resting behavior and episodic cortisol secretion were analyzed over two 24-hr periods and compared to those of eight control bulls kept free on deep straw. In addition, in the fifth week adrenocortical reactivity after ACTH(1-24) stimulation was analyzed in all subjects.

[Physiologic reactions during the slaughter of cattle and sheep with and without stunning].

In a first trial the cortical activity of cattle and sheep was tested using only an electrocorticogram (ECoG). The results showed a shorter phase after sticking or the ritual slaughter cut respectively, until the ECoG disappears in stunned animals. However, considering the time between stunning and the cervical state, the interval until disappearance of the ECoG was prolonged in the stunned animals.

[Stress, health and production in swine].

The "porcine stress syndrome" is a well established concept. Effects exerted on part of the meat type pig populations by their increased susceptibility to stress, resulting in meat quality defects, are meant by it. The problem of stress is rather a complex phenomenon.

An approach to successful freezing of demi-embryos derived from day-7 bovine embryos.

The developmental capacity of frozen/thawed bisected embryos (n = 33) derived from day-7 bovine embryos was investigated and compared to ordinary embryos after freezing and thawing (n = 28) and to freshly bisected embryos (n = 19). The freezing and thawing protocol was identical for ordinary and demi-embryos. The percentage of intact embryos classified as excellent, good, or poor after thawing was 92.