Dopamine mediates a directionally opposite correlation between empathy and the reinforcing effects of amphetamine and gambling in people with gambling disorder vs. healthy controls.

Understanding the relationship between empathy, subjective effects of addictive reinforcers and dopamine function in people with gambling disorder (PGD) vs. healthy controls (HCs) may inform GD treatment. The current investigation addressed this issue via retrospective analysis of data from three studies using amphetamine and a slot machine (SLOTS) as reinforcers in PGD and HCs.

Physiotherapist managers views on advanced practice physiotherapy in Ireland. A qualitative study.

Introduction: The introduction of physiotherapists working with advanced scope of practice has contributed to improvements in healthcare services.

Objective: This qualitative study explores the views of physiotherapist managers on the Advanced Practice Physiotherapy role and the barriers and enablers to progression of this career pathway.

Methods: A qualitative focus group study was conducted online with 10 purposefully sampled physiotherapist managers.

Is the Mediterranean Low Fodmap Diet Effective in Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms and Gut Microbiota? An Innovative Research Protocol.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms can be effectively managed with the low FODMAP diet. However, its efficacy in reducing inflammation is not yet proven. On the contrary, the Mediterranean diet has anti-inflammatory properties with proven efficacy in treating chronic low-grade inflammation-related diseases.

Obesity induces PD-1 on macrophages to suppress anti-tumour immunity.

Obesity is a leading risk factor for progression and metastasis of many cancers, yet can in some cases enhance survival and responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapies, including anti-PD-1, which targets PD-1 (encoded by PDCD1), an inhibitory receptor expressed on immune cells. Although obesity promotes chronic inflammation, the role of the immune system in the obesity-cancer connection and immunotherapy remains unclear. It has been shown that in addition to T cells, macrophages can express PD-1.

Lower Humoral and Cellular Immunity Following Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Compared to Symptomatic Infection in Education (The ACE Cohort).

Purpose: Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections were widely reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, acting as a hidden source of infection. Many existing studies investigating asymptomatic immunity failed to recruit true asymptomatic individuals. Thus, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study to evaluate humoral- and cell-mediated responses to infection and vaccination in well-defined asymptomatic young adults (the Asymptomatic COVID-19 in Education [ACE] cohort).

A targeted single mutation in influenza A virus universal epitope transforms immunogenicity and protective immunity via CD4 T cell activation.

CD4 T cells are central to adaptive immunity. Their role in cross-protection in viral infections such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is well documented; however, molecular rules governing T cell receptor (TCR) engagement of peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) class II are less understood. Here, we exploit an aspect of HLA class II presentation, the peptide-flanking residues (PFRs), to "tune" CD4 T cell responses within an in vivo model system of influenza.

Optimization of array encoding for ultrasound imaging.

. The transmit encoding model for synthetic aperture imaging is a robust and flexible framework for understanding the effects of acoustic transmission on ultrasound image reconstruction. Our objective is to use machine learning (ML) to construct scanning sequences, parameterized by time delays and apodization weights, that produce high-quality B-mode images.

The experiences of people living with obesity and chronic pain: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis (QES) protocol.

Introduction: There is a substantial and progressive association between chronic pain (CP) and living with overweight or obesity. The relationship between obesity and CP is intricate and complex, with obesity being associated with increased pain-related disability, pain intensity, reduction in physical functioning and poorer psychological well-being. A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis (QES) provides an opportunity to better understand and reveal key areas within the patient experience of these complex interactions to inform best practice and future intervention design.

The two faces of microorganisms in traditional brewing and the implications for no- and low-alcohol beers.

The production of alcoholic beverages is intrinsically linked to microbial activity. This is because microbes such as yeast are associated with the production of ethanol and key sensorial compounds that produce desirable qualities in fermented products. However, the brewing industry and other related sectors face a step-change in practice, primarily due to the growth in sales of no- and low-alcohol (NoLo) alternatives to traditional alcoholic products.

Exercise combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain: One-year follow-up from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a type of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, which has demonstrated positive outcomes in individuals with chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of an 8-week programme combining Exercise with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ExACT) with a standalone supervised exercise programme at 1-year follow-up.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-five people with chronic pain were randomly assigned to ExACT or supervised exercise only.

The prevalence of chronic pain in adolescents in Central Switzerland: A cross- sectional school-based study protocol.

Background: Chronic pain is associated with substantial personal suffering and societal costs and is a growing healthcare concern worldwide. While chronic pain has been extensively studied in adults, limited data exists on its prevalence and impact in adolescents. Understanding the prevalence and impact of chronic pain and pain beliefs in adolescents is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Wilder rangelands as a natural climate opportunity: Linking climate action to biodiversity conservation and social transformation.

Rangelands face threats from climate and land-use change, including inappropriate climate change mitigation initiatives such as tree planting in grassy ecosystems. The marginalization and impoverishment of rangeland communities and their indigenous knowledge systems, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, are additional major challenges. To address these issues, we propose the wilder rangelands integrated framework, co-developed by South African and European scientists from diverse disciplines, as an opportunity to address the climate, livelihood, and biodiversity challenges in the world's rangelands.

Comparison of Aerobic Bacterial Culture Among Four Veterinary Microbiology Laboratories from Dogs with Superficial Pyoderma.

Bacterial culture and susceptibility are widely used in veterinary medicine to determine the specific bacteria causing infection as well as aid in appropriate antimicrobial selection. Previous studies have shown variable results with culture and susceptibility depending on the laboratory and methodology used. Samples from dogs with superficial pyoderma were obtained to make a homogeneous solution of bacteria.

Effects of a Multidisciplinary Stewardship Program on the Prevention of Delirium in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary practice bundle on the incidence of delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated patients admitted to the PICU with Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) scoring. A multidisciplinary practice bundle was implemented involving pharmacists, nurses, and providers.

A survey of physiotherapist managers in Ireland and their views on the role of Advanced Practice Physiotherapists.

Background: Within the current context of implementation of an Advanced Practice Grade, the Irish Society of Chartered Physiotherapists commissioned a survey of physiotherapy manager opinions regarding the role of Advanced Practice Physiotherapists.

Objectives: The aim of this survey was to explore the views of physiotherapist managers in relation to the characteristics, role, competencies and management of Advanced Practice Physiotherapists (APPs) in Ireland.

Methods: Physiotherapist managers based in primary and secondary care settings in Ireland were invited to participate in a survey on Advanced Practice.

The fidgetin family: Shaking things up among the microtubule-severing enzymes.

The microtubule cytoskeleton is required for several crucial cellular processes, including chromosome segregation, cell polarity and orientation, and intracellular transport. These functions rely on microtubule stability and dynamics, which are regulated by microtubule-binding proteins (MTBPs). One such type of regulator is the microtubule-severing enzymes (MSEs), which are ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities (AAA+ ATPases).

Pain science and practice as a 'threshold concept' within undergraduate and pre-registration physiotherapy education: a jewel of the curriculum?

Background: Threshold concepts describe learning experiences that transform our understanding of a concept. Threshold concepts are variously: troublesome, transformative, irreversible, integrative and bounded.

Purpose: The aim of this narrative review is to consider the case for characterising pain science and practice as a threshold concept within undergraduate and pre-registration physiotherapy education.

First-in-Human PET Imaging of [F]SDM-4MP3: A Cautionary Tale.

[F]SynVesT-1 is a PET radiopharmaceutical that binds to the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) and serves as a biomarker of synaptic density with widespread clinical research applications in psychiatry and neurodegeneration. The initial goal of this study was to concurrently conduct PET imaging studies with [F]SynVesT-1 at our laboratories. However, the data in the first two human PET studies had anomalous biodistribution despite the injected product meeting all specifications during the prerelease quality control protocols.

Preliminary Assessment of Reference Region Quantification and Reduced Scanning Times for [F]SynVesT-1 PET in Parkinson's Disease.

Synaptic density in the central nervous system can be measured using PET with [F]SynVesT-1. While [F]SynVesT-1 has been proven to be a powerful radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), its currently validated acquisition and quantification protocols are invasive and technically challenging in these populations due to the arterial sampling and relatively long scanning times. The objectives of this work were to evaluate a noninvasive (reference tissue) quantification method for [F]SynVesT-1 in PD patients and to determine the minimum scan time necessary for accurate quantification.