Scaffold-free development of multicellular tumor spheroids with spatial characterization of structure and metabolic radial profiles.

Purpose: assays are essential for studying cellular biology, but traditional monolayer cultures fail to replicate the complex three-dimensional (3D) interactions of cells in living organisms. 3D culture systems offer a more accurate reflection of the cellular microenvironment. However, 3D cultures require robust and unique methods of characterization.

Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Triphenyl Phosphate (TPhP) Impact Development in Zebrafish.

A common flame-retardant and plasticizer, triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is an aryl phosphate ester found in many aquatic environments at nM concentrations. Yet, most studies interrogating its toxicity have used µM concentrations. In this study, we used the model organism zebrafish () to uncover the developmental impact of nM exposures to TPhP at the phenotypic and molecular levels.

Molar-root incisor malformation - a systematic review of case reports and case series.

Objectives: Molar-root incisor malformation (MRIM) is a seldom reported condition characterised by disturbances in root development of first permanent molars. This systematic review aimed to collate the clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed with MRIM.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search strategy using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases was performed through to March 2023.

Establishing a Mouse Model for Sexual Transmission and Male Reproductive Tract Persistence of Ebola Virus.

Ebola virus disease (EVD) has resulted in the death of over 15 000 people since its discovery in 1976. At least 1 incident of re-emergence of EVD has been associated with persistent male reproductive tract infection in a patient surviving EVD greater than 500 days prior. To date, animal models of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection have failed to fully characterize the pathogenesis of reproductive tract infection.

The impact of enzyme replacement therapy on the oral health manifestations of hypophosphatasia among children: a scoping review.

Purpose: A scoping review to describe the use of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in the form of asfotase alfa to decrease the severity of oral manifestations in children with hypophosphatasia (HPP).

Methods: Six databases were searched using keywords and index terms related to "hypophosphatasia," "children," and "enzyme replacement therapy." Duplicates were removed and two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts to identify articles for full-text review.

Toxicity with proton therapy for oral and/or oropharyngeal cancers: A scoping review.

Background: Oral and/or oropharyngeal cancers account for approximately 2% of all malignancies, with variation across age groups, genders, and geographic locations. Treatments for oral and/or oropharyngeal cancers usually consist of a combination of surgical excision most commonly followed by radiotherapy ± chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy/biotherapy depending on the nature of the malignancy. The significant morbidity caused by high-dose radiotherapy to the head and neck region is widely observed.

Prevalence and morphological features of molar-root incisor malformation in children attending a specialist paediatric dental unit.

Background: Molar-root incisor malformation (MRIM) is a rare dental anomaly featuring constricted cervical margins and tapered, narrow root and pulp morphology, often associated with severe toothache and infection.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRIM in children seen in a specialist paediatric dental unit of a tertiary referral hospital and to describe the characteristics of affected individuals.

Design: This study was an audit of children attending from November 2020 to November 2021.

Type 1 diabetes, periodontal health, and a familial history of hyperlipidaemia is associated with oral microbiota in children: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Hyperlipidaemia may play a significant role in the interrelationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and periodontal disease. A potential mechanism that links these three aspects together is the oral microbiota. We wanted to determine if there is an association between hyperlipidaemia, periodontal disease, and the oral microbiota of children with T1D, as this has not yet been explored.

Molar-incisor hypomineralisation prevalence in a cohort of Australian children with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: Systemic diseases or drugs administered early in life may cause a disruption in amelogenesis and contribute to the qualitative defect of enamel described as molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Therefore, an increase in prevalence of MIH in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be expected as this systemic disorder is commonly diagnosed in early childhood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MIH in a cohort of children with T1D and investigate diagnosis of MIH with T1D factors.

Post-Crash First Response by Traffic Police in Nepal: A Feasibility Study.

Background: Road traffic injuries are a significant and increasing public health burden in Nepal, but there is no national coverage of regulated and standardized emergency medical service systems. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a first responder trauma training program for the Nepal traffic police and to evaluate the feasibility of its delivery and follow up.

Methods: A training needs assessment with traffic-police officers in a single district of Nepal informed the development of a 3-day first-response course which was provided to officers in May 2019.

Kinematic Loggers-Development of Rugged Sensors and Recovery Systems for Field Measurements of Stone Rolling Dynamics and Impact Accelerations during Floods.

Discrete particle dynamics is one of the least understood aspects of river bedload transport, but in situ measurement of stone movement during floods poses a significant technical challenge. A promising approach to address this knowledge gap is to use sensors embedded within stones. Sensors must be waterproof and recoverable after being transported downstream and potentially buried by other sediment.

State of Post-injury First Response Systems in Nepal-A Nationwide Survey.

Injuries account for 9.2% of all deaths and 9.9% of the total disability-adjusted life years in Nepal.

Social prevalence of knowledge about ectopic pregnancy - tip of the 'health inequalities' iceberg?

We aimed to assess the social and demographic factors determining the level of awareness of the signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in an East London female population and determine if awareness was related to adverse outcomes. This was a prospective, observational study using a structured questionnaire to assess awareness of EP. A retrospective analysis of a database of EP patients was used to assess the association between adverse clinical outcomes and knowledge about EP.

Successful pregnancy in the context of previously undiagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: A case report and literature review.

An asymptomatic 36-year-old woman presented with significantly elevated white blood cells (165.9 × 10/L) at antenatal booking, in her first pregnancy. Further investigations revealed the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with monoallelic deletion of chromosome 13q14.

Characterisation of Species and Diversity of Anopheles gambiae Keele Colony.

Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto was recently reclassified as two species, An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.

Retrospective study of the prevalence and clinical significance of hepatitis B virus precore and basal core promoter variants.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) variants are well known; however, their prevalence in North America is unclear, especially among hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of PC⁄BCP mutations and their clinical significance.

Methods: One hundred twenty-eight patients positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antibody were selected, and PC⁄BCP mutations were identified using a line probe assay.

Seroprevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 antibodies in hepatitis C virus-positive patients: manitoba, Canada, 2012-2014.

Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 are probably among the most neglected blood-borne pathogens that have experienced significant changes in their epidemiology since discovery, which could be attributed to globalization and intravenous drug use practices as well as enhanced screening recommendations; however, systematic prevalence studies, especially in high-risk populations in North America, are not updated.

HCV antigen testing for the diagnosis of hepatitis C infection: a cost-efficient algorithm.

Background: In North America, diagnosis of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is currently performed using RNA testing which is highly sensitive and specific but is associated with three major limitations: lability of RNA molecules, higher costs, and longer turn-around time as compared with commercially-available HCV core antigen testing. In the current study, a new HCV core antigen assay product was evaluated for the diagnosis of HCV infection and its cost reducing potential.

Methods: Ninety plasma specimens positive for HCV RNA along with 25 negative HCV specimens were used for HCV antigen assay.

Novel microsphere-based method for detection and typing of 46 mucosal human papillomavirus types.

We have developed a novel microsphere-based genotyping method for 46 mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) types. HPV DNA was amplified by PCR using general primers and typed by hybridization to HPV type-specific probes coupled to sortable microspheres based on the Luminex xMAP technology. Hybridization to each probe was specific for each HPV type without cross-hybridization and sensitive enough to allow typing of HPV contained in clinical specimens.