Risk of resistance associated with fluconazole prophylaxis: systematic review.

Background: Several studies have shown that fluconazole prophylaxis reduces the risk of fungal colonization and of invasive fungal infection in high-risk patients with minimal toxicity. This systematic review was designed to estimate the risk of emergence of colonization and infection either with azole susceptible-dose dependent or with resistant strains.

Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration database and our own files for randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of fluconazole on the incidence of fluconazole-resistant strains.