Leeno: Type 1 diabetes management training environment using smart algorithms.

A growing number of Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) patients globally use insulin pump technologies to monitor and manage their glucose levels. Although recent advances in closed-loop systems promise automated pump control in the near future, most patients worldwide still use open-loop continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) devices which require close monitoring and continuous regulation. Apart from specialized diabetes units, hospital physicians and nurses generally lack necessary training to support the growing number of patients on insulin pumps.

Unraveling the stability landscape of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain.

The interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and the ACE2 enzyme is believed to be the entry point of the virus into various cells in the body, including the lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys. The current focus of several therapeutic design efforts explores attempts at affecting the binding potential between the two proteins to limit the activity of the virus and disease progression. In this work, we analyze the stability of the spike protein under all possible single-point mutations in the RBD and computationally explore mutations that can affect the binding with the ACE2 enzyme.

Development platform for artificial pancreas algorithms.

Background And Aims: Assessing algorithms of artificial pancreas systems is critical in developing automated and fault-tolerant solutions that work outside clinical settings. The development and evaluation of algorithms can be facilitated with a platform that conducts virtual clinical trials. We present in this paper a clinically validated cloud-based distributed platform that supports the development and comprehensive testing of single and dual-hormone algorithms for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Impact of macronutrient content of meals on postprandial glucose control in the context of closed-loop insulin delivery: A randomized cross-over study.

The aim of this randomized four-way cross-over study was to examine the effect of added protein and/or fat in standard meals with a fixed carbohydrate content on postprandial glucose control with closed-loop insulin delivery in adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants (n = 15) consumed breakfast meals with a fixed carbohydrate content (75 ± 1 g) and added protein and/or fat (35 ± 2 g): (1) carbohydrate-only (standard), (2) high protein (HP), (3) high fat (HF) and (4) high fat + protein (HFHP). The closed-loop insulin delivery algorithm generated insulin bolus and infusion rates.

Treatment of mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump therapy: are current recommendations effective?

Aims: Mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia (blood glucose < 4.0 mmol/L) is recommended to be treated with 15 g of carbohydrates and to repeat the treatment if hypoglycemia persists after 15 min. This recommendation was established before intensive insulin therapy and based on studies using insulin with different pharmacokinetic profiles from actual insulin analogs showing that 15 g of glucose increases blood glucose by ~ 1.

Investigating Mutations to Reduce Huntingtin Aggregation by Increasing Htt-N-Terminal Stability and Weakening Interactions with PolyQ Domain.

Huntington's disease is a fatal autosomal genetic disorder characterized by an expanded glutamine-coding CAG repeat sequence in the huntingtin (Htt) exon 1 gene. The Htt protein associated with the disease misfolds into toxic oligomers and aggregate fibril structures. Competing models for the misfolding and aggregation phenomena have suggested the role of the Htt-N-terminal region and the CAG trinucleotide repeats (polyQ domain) in affecting aggregation propensities and misfolding.

Postoperative analgesia in children when using clonidine in addition to fentanyl with bupivacaine given caudally.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of clonidine in association with fentanyl as an additive to bupivacaine 0.25% given via single shot caudal epidural in pediatric patients for postoperative pain relief. In the present prospective randomized double blind study, 40 children of ASA-I-II aged 1-5 years scheduled for infraumblical surgical procedures were randomly allocated to two groups to receive either bupivacaine 0.

The analgesic effect of clonidine as an adjuvant in dorsal penile nerve block.

Introduction: Dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) is a commonly performed regional anesthetic technique for male circumcision. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic effect of the adjunction of clonidine to bupivacaine 0.5% in this block.

Near-infrared spectrometry in pregnancy: progress and perspectives, a review of literature.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows continuous noninvasive monitoring of in vivo oxygenation in selected tissues. It has been used primarily as a research tool for several years, but it is seeing wider application in the clinical arena all over the world. It was recently used to monitor brain circulation in cardiac surgery, carotid endarteriectomy, neurosurgery and robotic surgery.

Subarachnoid morphine versus TAP blocks for enhanced recovery after caesarean section delivery: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Subarachnoid morphine is widely used for pain relief in enhanced recovery program after cesarean section in spite of its side effects. However, the role of TAP block is still controversial. The aim of our study was to compare the impact of these analgesic techniques (subarachnoid morphine and TAP block) on enhanced recovery after cesarean section.

[Bernard-Soulier syndrome and pregnancy: a case report].

Bernard-Soulier syndrome is an inherited bleeding disorder. Due to the rarity of the combination of this syndrome and pregnancy, data on the clinical course and outcome of pregnancy in women with Bernard-Soulier syndrome is scattered in individual case reports and there is no consensus in the management of SBS. In some patients, the pregnancy course was uneventful while in others post partum hemorrhage was the most common complication.

Computational re-engineering of Amylin sequence with reduced amyloidogenic potential.

Background: The aggregation of amyloid proteins into fibrils is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Type II Diabetes. Different methods have explored ways to impede and inhibit amyloid aggregation. Most attempts in the literature involve applying stress to the environment around amyloids.

Probing the binding affinity of amyloids to reduce toxicity of oligomers in diabetes.

Motivation: Amyloids play a role in the degradation of β-cells in diabetes patients. In particular, short amyloid oligomers inject themselves into the membranes of these cells and create pores that disrupt the strictly controlled flow of ions through the membranes. This leads to cell death.

Management of a rare case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia in pregnancy: a case report.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a rare but not exceptional inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium of the right ventricular which could lead to serious arrhythmia and sudden death. Only a few cases of pregnancies with ARVD have been reported. The aim of this case presentation is to describe the clinical characteristics and anesthetics specificities in management of this disease in pregnancy and in delivery.

Percutaneous closure of Ostium secundum atrial septal defect using amplatzer occlusion device.

Aim: To report our clinical experience with transcatheter closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects (OS ASDs) using Amplatzer septal occluder.

Methods: It's a retrospective study conducted between October 2005 and April 2010 and involving 34 patients. The procedures were conducted in the hemodynamic laboratory under general anesthesia with transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) monitoring.