Rectification effects of regional air-sea interactions over western boundary current on large-scale sea surface temperature and extra-tropical storm tracks.

The warm Western Boundary Currents (WBCs) and their zonal extensions are persistent, deep, strong and narrow oceanic currents. They are known to anchor and energize the Extra-Tropical storm tracks by frontal thermal air-sea interactions. However, even in the latest generation of climate models, WBCs are characterized by large biases, and both the present storm-track activity and its recent intensification are poorly estimated.

Impact of SCN10A Polymorphism on Abdominal Pain Perception and Visceral Hypoalgesia in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

Introduction: Hypoalgesic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may provide critical insights into human abdominal pain. This condition was previously associated with homozygosity for a polymorphism (rs6795970, A1073V; 1073 val/val ) related to Na v 1.8, a voltage-gated sodium channel preferentially expressed on nociceptors.

Potential Therapeutic Targets for Combination Antibody Therapy Against Infections.

Despite the significant advances in antibiotic treatments and therapeutics, () remains a formidable pathogen, primarily due to its rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Known for its array of virulence factors, including surface proteins that promote adhesion to host tissues, enzymes that break down host barriers, and toxins that contribute to immune evasion and tissue destruction, poses a serious health threat. Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) classify as an ESKAPE pathogen, recognizing it as a critical threat to global health.

Staying connected: Speech-language pathologists' perspectives on the communication needs of people with primary progressive aphasia and their family members.

Purpose: The research objectives were to explore the communication needs pertaining to (a) people with primary progressive aphasia (PwPPA); (b) family members of PwPPA; and (c) the different variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), from the perspectives of speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method: This investigation used a qualitatively driven concurrent mixed methods research design. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and mixed methods questionnaires with 14 SLPs.

Functional hearing impairment common in Parkinson's disease: Insights from a pilot study.

Introduction: Hearing impairments in Parkinson's Disease (PD) have received limited attention in the past, possibly because PD patients often report no perceived hearing disability, yet negative consequences of hearing impairment might aggravate communication difficulties and social withdrawal.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate functional hearing (speech in noise recognition) in PD and evaluate its relationship to neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognition and quality of life.

Methods: Participants with PD were recruited in a tertiary movement disorder clinic.

Cervical lung herniation of the azygous lobe: a case report and literature review.

Purpose: To report an adult case of cervical lung herniation involving the azygous lobe and to review the literature.

Methods: A trauma patient was incidentally found to have a cervical lung herniation involving the azygous lobe. We reviewed the literature on cervical lung herniation, described techniques used to diagnose and evaluate cervical lung herniations and summarized management options.

Mismatch Between Pelvic Incidence and Lumbar Lordosis After Personalized Interbody Fusion: The Importance of Preoperative Planning and Alignment in Degenerative Spine Diseases.

Background: Emerging data have highlighted the significance of planning and aligning total and segmental lumbar lordosis with pelvic morphology when performing short-segment fusion with the goal of reducing the risk of adjacent segment disease while also decreasing spine-related disability. This study evaluates the impact of personalized interbody implants in restoring pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch compared with a similar study using stock interbody implants.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective analysis assessed radiographic pre- and postoperative spinopelvic alignment (PI-LL) in patients who underwent 1- or 2-level lumbar fusions with personalized interbody implants for degenerative (nondeformity) indications.

Changes in Alignment at Untreated Vertebral Levels Following Short-Segment Fusion Using Personalized Interbody Cages: Leveraging Personalized Medicine to Reduce the Risk of Reoperation.

Background: An abnormal postoperative lordosis distribution index (LDI), which quantifies the ratio between the lordosis at L4 to S1 and the lordosis at L1 to S1, contributes to the development of adjacent segment disease and increased revision rates in patients undergoing short-segment lumbar intervertebral fusions. Incorporating preoperative spinopelvic parameters and LDI into the surgical plan for short-segment fusion is important for guiding alignment restoration and preserving normal preoperative alignment in unfused segments. This study examined changes in LDI, segmental lordosis, and lordosis of the unfused levels in patients treated with personalized interbody cage (PIC) implants.

Radiographic Alignment in Deformity Patients Treated With Personalized Interbody Devices: Early Experience From the COMPASS Registry.

Background: Literature supports the need for improved techniques to achieve spinopelvic alignment and reduce complication rates in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Personalized interbody devices were developed to address this need and are under evaluation in the multicenter Clinical Outcome Measures in Personalized aprevo (circle R superscript) Spine Surgery (COMPASS (TM suprascript) registry. This report presents interim COMPASS pre- and postoperative sagittal alignment results and complication rates for a subcohort of COMPASS patients diagnosed and surgically treated for spinal deformity.

Mapping every adult baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) across the Sahel and relationships to rural livelihoods.

The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) is an integral part of rural livelihoods throughout the African continent. However, the combined effects of climate change and increasing global demand for baobab products are currently exerting pressure on the sustainable utilization of these resources.

Roctavian gene therapy for hemophilia A.

After successful efforts in adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene addition for hemophilia B gene therapy, the development of valoctocogene roxaparvovec (Roctavian; Biomarin) over the past decade represents a potential new hemophilia A (HA) treatment paradigm. Roctavian is the first licensed HA gene therapy that was conditionally approved in Europe in August 2022 and approved in the United States in June 2023. Beyond Roctavian, there are ongoing pivotal trials of additional AAV vectors for HA, others that are progressing through preclinical development or early-phase clinical trial, as well as non-AAV approaches in clinical development.

AI-based differential diagnosis of dementia etiologies on multimodal data.

Differential diagnosis of dementia remains a challenge in neurology due to symptom overlap across etiologies, yet it is crucial for formulating early, personalized management strategies. Here, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) model that harnesses a broad array of data, including demographics, individual and family medical history, medication use, neuropsychological assessments, functional evaluations and multimodal neuroimaging, to identify the etiologies contributing to dementia in individuals. The study, drawing on 51,269 participants across 9 independent, geographically diverse datasets, facilitated the identification of 10 distinct dementia etiologies.

Identification and Quantification of a Pneumococcal Cell Wall Polysaccharide by Antibody-Enhanced Chromatography Assay.

Multivalent pneumococcal vaccines have been developed successfully to combat invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) and reduce the associated healthcare burden. These vaccines employ pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PnPs), either conjugated or unconjugated, as antigens to provide serotype-specific protection. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides used for vaccine often contain residual levels of cell wall polysaccharides (C-Ps), which can generate a non-serotype specific immune response and complicate the desired serotype-specific immunity.

‛It's all communication': Family members' perspectives on the communication needs for themselves and their relatives with primary progressive aphasia.

Background: Communication disabilities, such as primary progressive aphasia (PPA), impact family members as well as the individuals with the condition. To provide adequate communication care to people with PPA (PwPPA) and their family members, it is crucial to understand the communication needs from the family members' perspectives. To date, research on the communication needs of people with primary progressive aphasia and their family members from the perspectives of family members has been limited.

AI-based differential diagnosis of dementia etiologies on multimodal data.

Differential diagnosis of dementia remains a challenge in neurology due to symptom overlap across etiologies, yet it is crucial for formulating early, personalized management strategies. Here, we present an AI model that harnesses a broad array of data, including demographics, individual and family medical history, medication use, neuropsychological assessments, functional evaluations, and multimodal neuroimaging, to identify the etiologies contributing to dementia in individuals. The study, drawing on 51,269 participants across 9 independent, geographically diverse datasets, facilitated the identification of 10 distinct dementia etiologies.

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis of the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle from a large recurrent attic cholesteatoma.

Objectives: To describe a rare complication of cholesteatoma.

Methods: Case report with literature review.

Results: We report a case of a 37-year-old male who presented for evaluation of otorrhea, headache, and progressive left sensorineural hearing loss.

Placental differences between severe fetal growth restriction and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy requiring early preterm delivery: morphometric analysis of the villous tree supported by artificial intelligence.

Background: The great obstetrical syndromes of fetal growth restriction and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can occur individually or be interrelated. Placental pathologic findings often overlap between these conditions, regardless of whether 1 or both diagnoses are present. Quantification of placental villous structures in each of these settings may identify distinct differences in developmental pathways.

Lewy body dementia: Overcoming barriers and identifying solutions.

Despite its high prevalence among dementias, Lewy body dementia (LBD) remains poorly understood with a limited, albeit growing, evidence base. The public-health burden that LBD imposes is worsened by overlapping pathologies, which contribute to misdiagnosis, and lack of treatments. For this report, we gathered and analyzed public-domain information on advocacy, funding, research outputs, and the therapeutic pipeline to identify gaps in each of these key elements.

Perceptions of older and younger adults who wear hearing aids.

Objective: To investigate older and younger adults' perceptions of older and younger adults who wear hearing aids.

Design: Participants completed two Implicit Association Tests: One with images of older adults (OA-IAT) and one with images of younger adults (YA-IAT), either wearing or not wearing hearing aids. Participants also rated age, attractiveness, and intelligence of younger and older adults pictured with or without a hearing aid.

KD025 Is a Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor That Protects Against Glucolipotoxicity in β-Cells.

Glucolipotoxicity (GLT), in which elevated levels of glucose and fatty acids have deleterious effects on β-cell biology, is thought to be one of the major contributors in progression of type 2 diabetes. In search of novel small molecules that protect β-cells against GLT, we previously discovered KD025, an inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase isoform 2 (ROCK2), as a GLT-protective compound in INS-1E cells and dissociated human islets. To further understand the mechanism of action of KD025, we found that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ROCK2 was not responsible for the protective effects of KD025 against GLT.

Cervical Myelopathy with Concomitant Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report.

Case: We present a case of a 67-year-old female patient with concomitant cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Surgical intervention, including cervical decompression and arthrodesis, was performed to address cervical myelopathy symptoms. Despite initial improvement, the patient's motor function deteriorated, leading to the diagnosis of GBS.

Unfamiliarity generates costly aggression in interspecific avian dominance hierarchies.

Dominance hierarchies often form between species, especially at common feeding locations. Yet, relative to work focused on the factors that maintain stable dominance hierarchies within species, large-scale analyses of interspecific dominance hierarchies have been comparatively rare. Given that interspecific behavioral interference mediates access to resources, these dominance hierarchies likely play an important and understudied role in community assembly and behavioral evolution.