A pathway-based genetic score for inflammation: An indicator of vulnerability to phthalate-induced adverse neurodevelopment outcomes.

Introduction: Phthalates, chemical additives used to enhance plastic products' flexibility, are easily released into the environment, and can harm the brain development through various mechanisms including inflammation. Genetic variation influencing an individual's susceptibility to inflammation may play a role in the effects of phthalate exposure on neurodevelopment however there is no summary measure developed for genetic susceptibility to inflammation.

Methods: We developed a genetic pathway function score for inflammation (gPFS), based on the transcriptional activity of the inflammatory response pathway in the brain and other tissues.

Virome assembly reveals draft genomes of native Pseudomonas phages isolated from a paediatric bronchoalveolar lavage sample.

We present lung virome data recovered through shotgun metagenomics in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from an infant with cystic fibrosis, who tested positive for infection. Using a bioinformatic pipeline for virus characterization in shotgun metagenomic data, we identified five viral contigs representing Pseudomonas phages classified as Caudoviricetes.

Assessing the impact of individual exposure to air pollution via biomarkers in sputum of children in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.

Understanding the impact of exposure to air pollution on children's health is critical for developing effective child health protection policies. Alveolar macrophage black carbon (AMBC) provides an indicator of personal exposure to air pollution. Hence, we aimed to examine air pollution exposure and its effects on children by measuring AMBC area and inflammatory cytokines in sputum.

The Future Healthy Countdown 2030 consensus statement: core policy actions and measures to achieve improvements in the health and wellbeing of children, young people and future generations.

Introduction: This consensus statement recommends eight high-level trackable policy actions most likely to significantly improve health and wellbeing for children and young people by 2030. These policy actions include an overarching policy action and span seven interconnected domains that need to be adequately resourced for every young person to thrive: Material basics; Valued, loved and safe; Positive sense of identity and culture; Learning and employment pathways; Healthy; Participating; and Environments and sustainable futures.

Main Recommendations: Provide financial support to invest in families with young children and address poverty and material deprivation in the first 2000 days of life.

A near-complete genome of the uncultured phage COMBAT-CF_PAR1 isolated from the lungs of an infant with cystic fibrosis.

In cystic fibrosis, bacteria-bacteriophage interaction in the lower airways is poorly understood. We present the near-complete genome of the uncultured Siphovirus-like bacteriophage, phage COMBAT-CF_PAR1, isolated from the lower airways. The genome spans 41,510 bp with 33.

Hematological, cardiovascular and oxidative DNA damage markers associated with heavy metal exposure in electronic waste (e-waste) workers of Bangladesh.

Electronic waste (e-waste) contains hazardous elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and other toxic elements that pose significant health risks to the population directly exposed. We recruited 199 e-waste recycling workers and 104 non-exposed workers in Bangladesh and analyzed heavy metals in blood and hair, as well as hematological and cardiovascular parameters including, blood lipids and blood pressure. We fitted quantile regression models at 0.

Oximetry and carbon dioxide screening for ventilatory requirements in children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1-3.

Introduction: Despite disease modifying treatments (DMT), assisted ventilation is commonly required in children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). Guidelines suggest screening with oximetry and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcCO) for sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Aim: To determine the utility of pulse oximetry and TcCO as a screen for SDB and the need for Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) in children with SMA type 1-3.

Association of Maternal Air Pollution Exposure and Infant Lung Function Is Modified by Genetic Propensity to Oxidative Stress.

Background And Objective: The association between air pollution and poor respiratory health outcomes is well established. Children are particularly at risk from air pollution, especially during the prenatal period as their organs and systems are still undergoing crucial development. This study investigated maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and infant lung function at 4 weeks of age.

Asthma and decreased lung function in children exposed to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): An updated meta-analysis unveiling research gaps.

Background And Objective: Associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and pediatric asthma and reduced lung function in children are mixed and inconclusive. The study objective was to examine the extant research on exposure to PFAS and the diagnosis of asthma or decreased lung function in children <17 years of age to highlight what is known and to identify research gaps for future investigations.

Methods: The present review was registered on the PROSPER database (CRD42023407172).

Socioeconomic adversity, maternal nutrition, and the prenatal programming of offspring cognition and language at two years of age through maternal inflammation.

Increasing rates of child neurodevelopmental vulnerability are a significant public health challenge. The adverse effect of socioeconomic adversity on offspring cognition may be mediated through elevated prenatal maternal systemic inflammation, but the role of modifiable antecedents such as maternal nutrition has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to examine (1) whether prenatal factors, with an emphasis on maternal nutrition, were associated with prenatal maternal systemic inflammation at 28 weeks' gestation, including the metabolomic marker glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA); (2) the extent to which the association between prenatal maternal nutrition and child cognition and language at age two years was mediated by elevated maternal inflammation in pregnancy; (3) the extent to which the associations between prenatal socioeconomic adversity and child neurodevelopment were mediated through prenatal maternal nutrition and GlycA levels.

The hospitalisation risk of chronic circulatory and respiratory diseases associated with coal mining in the general population in Queensland, Australia.

Queensland is the main coal mining state in Australia where populations in coal mining areas have been historically exposed to coal mining emissions. Although a higher risk of chronic circulatory and respiratory diseases has been associated with coal mining globally, few studies have investigated these associations in the Queensland general population. This study estimates the association of coal production with hospitalisations for chronic circulatory and respiratory diseases in Queensland considering spatial and temporal variations during 1997-2014.

Tolerance to Haemophilus influenzae infection in human epithelial cells: Insights from a primary cell-based model.

Haemophilus influenzae is a human respiratory pathogen and inhabits the human respiratory tract as its only niche. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms that allow H. influenzae to establish persistent infections of human epithelia are not well understood.

A call from 40 public health scientists for an end to the continuing humanitarian and environmental catastrophe in Gaza.

An under-recognised aspect of the current humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza is the impact of the war on the environment and the associated risks for human health. This commentary contextualises these impacts against the background of human suffering produced by the overwhelming violence associated with the use of military force against the general population of Gaza. In calling for an immediate cessation to the violence, the authors draw attention to the urgent need to rebuild the health care system and restore the physical and human infrastructure that makes a liveable environment possible and promotes human health and well-being, especially for the most vulnerable in the population.

Hormonal, liver, and renal function associated with electronic waste (e-waste) exposure in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Electronic waste (e-waste) contains numerous metals and organic pollutants that have detrimental impacts on human health. We studied 199 e-waste recycling workers and 104 non-exposed workers; analyzed blood, urine, and hair samples to measure heavy metals, hormonal, liver, and renal function. We used quantile regression models to evaluate the impact of Pb, Cd, and Hg on hormonal, liver and renal function, and the role of DNA oxidative damage in mediating the relationship between exposures and outcomes.

Spatiotemporal hierarchical Bayesian analysis to identify factors associated with COVID-19 in suburban areas in Colombia.

Introduction: The pandemic had a profound impact on the provision of health services in Cúcuta, Colombia where the neighbourhood-level risk of Covid-19 has not been investigated. Identifying the sociodemographic and environmental risk factors of Covid-19 in large cities is key to better estimate its morbidity risk and support health strategies targeting specific suburban areas. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with the risk of Covid-19 in Cúcuta considering inter -spatial and temporal variations of the disease in the city's neighbourhoods between 2020 and 2022.

Changes in urinary glutathione sulfonamide (GSA) levels between admission and discharge of patients with cystic fibrosis.

There is an urgent need to develop sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers that can track airway inflammatory activity for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Urinary glutathione sulfonamide (GSA) levels correlate well with GSA levels in BAL samples and other markers of neutrophilic inflammation, suggesting that this biomarker may be suitable for tracking disease activity in this population. We recruited 102 children (median 11.

The DmsABC S-oxide reductase is an essential component of a novel, hypochlorite-inducible system of extracellular stress defense in .

Defenses against oxidative damage to cell components are essential for survival of bacterial pathogens during infection, and here we have uncovered that the DmsABC S-/N-oxide reductase is essential for virulence and in-host survival of the human-adapted pathogen, . In several different infection models, Δ strains showed reduced immunogenicity as well as lower levels of survival in contact with host cells. Expression of DmsABC was induced in the presence of hypochlorite and paraquat, closely linking this enzyme to defense against host-produced antimicrobials.