THI1 Gene Evolutionary Trends: A Comprehensive Plant-Focused Assessment via Data Mining and Large-Scale Analysis.

Molecular evolution analysis typically involves identifying selection pressure and reconstructing evolutionary trends. This process usually requires access to specific data related to a target gene or gene family within a particular group of organisms. While recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing techniques have resulted in the rapid accumulation of extensive genomics and transcriptomics data and the creation of new databases in public repositories, extracting valuable insights from such vast data sets remains a significant challenge for researchers.

The Effect of 6 weeks Physical Activity on Cognitive Control and Trait Impulsivity in Multi-problem Young Adults: First Findings of an RCT-study.

This study aimed to report the effect of a 6-week light-active versus moderate-active physical activity intervention embedded in a multimodal day treatment program on selected measures of cognitive control (i.e., response inhibition, error processing, and cognitive interference) and trait impulsivity.

Transmission of Xanthomonas albilineans by the spittlebug, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), in Brazil: first report of an insect vector for the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald.

Leaf scald is a destructive sugarcane disease caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson. This pathogen presents the gene cluster SPI-1 T3SS, a conserved feature in pathogens vectored by animals. In this study, the competence of Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål), a spittlebug commonly found in sugarcane fields in Brazil, was evaluated for the transmission of X.

Molecular, biochemical and metabolomics analyses reveal constitutive and pathogen-induced defense responses of two sugarcane contrasting genotypes against leaf scald disease.

Leaf scald caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas albilineans is one of the major concerns to sugarcane production. To breed for resistance, mechanisms underlying plant-pathogen interaction need deeper investigations. Herein, we evaluated sugarcane defense responses against X.

Frequency-Dependent Squeezed Vacuum Source for the Advanced Virgo Gravitational-Wave Detector.

In this Letter, we present the design and performance of the frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source that will be used for the broadband quantum noise reduction of the Advanced Virgo Plus gravitational-wave detector in the upcoming observation run. The frequency-dependent squeezed field is generated by a phase rotation of a frequency-independent squeezed state through a 285 m long, high-finesse, near-detuned optical resonator. With about 8.

Corrigendum: Laticifer growth pattern is guided by cytoskeleton organization.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.

Functional and comparative analysis of gene in grasses with a focus on sugarcane.

synthesis of thiamine (vitamin B1) in plants depends on the action of thiamine thiazole synthase, which synthesizes the thiazole ring, and is encoded by the gene. Here, we investigated the evolution and diversity of in Poaceae, where C4 and C3 photosynthetic plants co-evolved. An ancestral duplication of THI1 is observed in Panicoideae that remains in many modern monocots, including sugarcane.

Genome Organization of Four Brazilian Xanthomonas albilineans Strains Does Not Correlate with Aggressiveness.

An integrative approach combining genomics, transcriptomics, and cell biology is presented to address leaf scald disease, a major problem for the sugarcane industry. To gain insight into the biology of the causal agent, the complete genome sequences of four Brazilian Xanthomonas albilineans strains with differing virulence capabilities are presented and compared to the GPEPC73 reference strain and FJ1. Based on the aggressiveness index, different strains were compared: Xa04 and Xa11 are highly aggressive, Xa26 is intermediate, and Xa21 is the least, while, based on genome structure, Xa04 shares most of its genomic features with Xa26, and Xa11 share most of its genomic features with Xa21.

Brief report: Free-living physical activity levels and cognitive control in multi-problem young adults.

Previous studies indicate a positive association between physical activity and cognitive control in sedentary but healthy adults, yet not much is known about physical activity levels in multi-problem young adults. We examined the level of self-reported free-living physical activity (i.e.

Laticifer growth pattern is guided by cytoskeleton organization.

Laticifers are secretory structures that produce latex, forming a specialized defense system against herbivory. Studies using anatomical approaches to investigate laticifer growth patterns have described their origin; however, their mode of growth, i.e.

Towards defining the core Saccharum microbiome: input from five genotypes.

Background: Plant microbiome and its manipulation inaugurate a new era for plant biotechnology with the potential to benefit sustainable crop production. Here, we used the large-scale 16S rDNA sequencing analysis to unravel the dynamic, structure, and composition of exophytic and endophytic microbial communities in two hybrid commercial cultivars of sugarcane (R570 and SP80-3280), two cultivated genotypes (Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi) and one wild species (Saccharum spontaneum).

Results: Our analysis identified 1372 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs).

-Based Dual-Layered Biological Network Analysis Elucidates Fully Modulated Pathways Related to Sugarcane Resistance on Biotrophic Pathogen Infection.

We assembled a dual-layered biological network to study the roles of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in the resistance of sugarcane to infection by the biotrophic fungus causing smut disease. Based on sugarcane- orthology, the modeling used metabolic and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data from (from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and BioGRID databases) and plant resistance curated knowledge for Viridiplantae obtained through text mining of the UniProt/SwissProt database. With the network, we integrated functional annotations and transcriptome data from two sugarcane genotypes that differ significantly in resistance to smut and applied a series of analyses to compare the transcriptomes and understand both signal perception and transduction in plant resistance.

Sucrose-phosphate phosphatase from sugarcane reveals an ancestral tandem duplication.

Background: Sugarcane is capable to store large amounts of sucrose in the culm at maturity hence it became a major source of sucrose for the food and the renewable energy industries. Sucrose, the main disaccharide produced by photosynthesis, is mainly stored in the vacuole of the cells of non-photosynthetic tissues. Two pathways are known to release free sucrose in plant cells, one is de novo synthesis dependent on sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose phosphate phosphatase (S6PP) while the other is regulatory and dependent on sucrose synthase (SuSy) activity.

Reaching the top through a tortuous path: helical growth in climbing plants.

Climbing plants have voluble organs, for example, tendrils and modified stems, which twine up neighboring plants to reach the canopy. These organs perform exaggerated circumnutation, during which they grow towards the shaded areas of the forest (skototropism) to find a host. In response to mechanical stimulus, they grow towards the support (thigmotropism), tailoring their development to firmly attach to it (thigmomorphogenesis).

A summary of reptile and anuran amphibian species from Brazilian sandy coastal plains: 31 years of sampling efforts of the "Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro".

Although currently there is already a set of studies regarding ecological aspects of some particular reptile and amphibian species living in Brazilian sandy coastal plains (including the so-called "restinga" and "campo nativo" habitats), there is comparatively few information on the species composition usually associated to these environments. During 31 years (1988-2019) of herpetological studies carried out in sandy coastal plains environments by our research team of the Laboratory of Vertebrate Ecology (Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, in Rio de Janeiro Brazil) we have surveyed reptile and amphibian communities and performed different studies with similar methods in 70 sites from 10 different states along the Brazilian coast. Our surveys resulted in records of 87 species of reptile (five turtles, two crocodylians, six amphisbaenians, 36 lizards and 39 snakes) from 24 families, and 77 species of anuran amphibians from nine families.

Neurocognitive predictors of treatment completion and daytime activities at follow-up in multiproblem young adults.

Previous research has shown an association between cognitive control deficits and problematic behavior such as antisocial behavior and substance use, but little is known about the predictive value of cognitive control for treatment outcome. The current study tests whether selected markers of baseline cognitive control predict (1) treatment completion of a day treatment program involving a combination of approaches for multiproblem young adults and (2) daytime activities a year after the start of treatment, over and above psychological, social, and criminal characteristics. We assessed individual, neurobiological, and neurobehavioral measures, including functional brain activity during an inhibition task and two electroencephalographic measures of error processing in 127 male multiproblem young adults (age 18-27 years).

Evidence for sub-functionalization of tandemly duplicated XPB nucleotide excision repair genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plants are continuously exposed to agents that can generate DNA lesions. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) is one of the repair pathways employed by plants to protect their genome, including from sunlight. The Xeroderma Pigmentosum type B (XPB) protein is a DNA helicase shown to be involved in NER and is also an essential subunitof the Transcription Factor IIH (TFIIH) complex.

Assembly of the 373k gene space of the polyploid sugarcane genome reveals reservoirs of functional diversity in the world's leading biomass crop.

Background: Sugarcane cultivars are polyploid interspecific hybrids of giant genomes, typically with 10-13 sets of chromosomes from 2 Saccharum species. The ploidy, hybridity, and size of the genome, estimated to have >10 Gb, pose a challenge for sequencing.

Results: Here we present a gene space assembly of SP80-3280, including 373,869 putative genes and their potential regulatory regions.

Genome survey of resistance gene analogs in sugarcane: genomic features and differential expression of the innate immune system from a smut-resistant genotype.

Background: Resistance genes composing the two-layer immune system of plants are thought as important markers for breeding pathogen-resistant crops. Many have been the attempts to establish relationships between the genomic content of Resistance Gene Analogs (RGAs) of modern sugarcane cultivars to its degrees of resistance to diseases such as smut. However, due to the highly polyploid and heterozygous nature of sugarcane genome, large scale RGA predictions is challenging.

Transposable element discovery and characterization of LTR-retrotransposon evolutionary lineages in the tropical fruit species Passiflora edulis.

A significant proportion of plant genomes is consists of transposable elements (TEs), especially LTR retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) which are known to drive genome evolution. However, not much information is available on the structure and evolutionary role of TEs in the Passifloraceae family (Malpighiales order). Against this backdrop, we identified, characterized, and inferred the potential genomic impact of the TE repertoire found in the available genomic resources for Passiflora edulis, a tropical fruit species.

Toward understanding inflorescence development and architecture in Passiflora: insights from comparative anatomy and expression of APETALA1.

Premise: The inflorescence of Passiflora species originates from a bud complex that derives from an initially undivided meristem and ultimately produces flowers and tendrils. Because the development of the inflorescence structures derived from such meristems has been variously interpreted, we investigated the ontogeny of the bud complex and the expression of APETALA1 (AP1) in Passiflora species.

Methods: The anatomical development of 15 species of Passiflora was analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy.

Gene Duplication in the Sugarcane Genome: A Case Study of Allele Interactions and Evolutionary Patterns in Two Genic Regions.

Sugarcane ( spp.) is highly polyploid and aneuploid. Modern cultivars are derived from hybridization between and .

Brazilian-adapted soybean Bradyrhizobium strains uncover IS elements with potential impact on biological nitrogen fixation.

Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens CPAC 7 and Bradyrhizobium japonicum CPAC 15 are broadly used in commercial inoculants in Brazil, contributing to most of the nitrogen required by the soybean crop. These strains differ in their symbiotic properties: CPAC 7 is more efficient in fixing nitrogen, whereas CPAC 15 is more competitive. Comparative genomics revealed many transposases close to genes associated with symbiosis in the symbiotic island of these strains.

The control of endopolygalacturonase expression by the sugarcane RAV transcription factor during aerenchyma formation.

The development of lysigenous aerenchyma starts with cell expansion and degradation of pectin from the middle lamella, leading to cell wall modification, and culminating with cell separation. Here we report that nutritional starvation of sugarcane induced gene expression along sections of the first 5 cm of the root and between treatments. We selected two candidate genes: a RAV transcription factor, from the ethylene response factors superfamily, and an endopolygalacturonase (EPG), a glycosyl hydrolase related to homogalacturonan hydrolysis from the middle lamella.