Noninvasive Total Cholesterol Level Measurement Using an E-Nose System and Machine Learning on Exhaled Breath Samples.

In this paper, the first e-nose system coupled with machine learning algorithm for noninvasive measurement of total cholesterol level based on exhaled air sample was proposed. The study was conducted with the participation of 151 people, from whom a breath sample was collected, and the level of total cholesterol was measured. The breath sample was examined using e-nose and gas sensors, such as TGS1820, TGS2620, TGS2600, MQ3, Semeatech 7e4 NO2 and 7e4 H2S, SGX_NO2, SGX_H2S, K33, AL-03P, and AL-03S.

Estimation of the Volatility and Apparent Activity Coefficient of Levoglucosan in Wood-Burning Organic Aerosols.

Biomass burning (BB) is a major source of aerosols and black carbon, thereby exerting an important impact on climate and air quality. Levoglucosan is the most well-recognized organic marker compound of BB and has been used to quantitatively assess BB's contribution to ambient aerosols. However, little is known about levoglucosan's evaporation under atmospheric conditions, primarily due to the uncertainty of its effective saturation vapor concentration (*) and its unknown activity coefficient (γ), in the complex BB emission matrix.

The Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) Problem-Prevalence and Time Changes in Children and Adolescents From Kraków (Poland).

Objectives: Normal weight obesity can be associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities, systemic inflammation and mortality. The main aim of the study was to analyze the changes in the prevalence of normal weight obesity in 8-18-year-olds from Kraków (Poland) between 2010 and 2020.

Methods: The study was based on two sets of cross-sectional, school-based data obtained in 2010 and 2020.

Large contribution of in-cloud production of secondary organic aerosol from biomass burning emissions.

Organic compounds released from wildfires and residential biomass burning play a crucial role in shaping the composition of the atmosphere. The solubility and subsequent reactions of these compounds in the aqueous phase of clouds and fog remain poorly understood. Nevertheless, these compounds have the potential to become an important source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA).

Real-Time Identification of Aerosol-Phase Carboxylic Acid Production Using Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Comprehensive identification of aerosol sources and their constituent organic compounds requires aerosol-phase molecular-level characterization with a high time resolution. While real-time chemical characterization of aerosols is becoming increasingly common, information about functionalization and structure is typically obtained from offline methods. This study presents a method for determining the presence of carboxylic acid functional groups in real time using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry based on measurements of [M - H + 2Na] adducts.

Comparison of Windup and Stretch Pitching Biomechanics in Baseball With Implications for Safety and Performance.

Background: Historically, it was assumed by some that high leg lift with windup pitching generated more ball velocity whereas pitching from the stretch was quicker to reduce the risk of base stealing but also more stressful on the arm. However, many now believe that velocity and stress do not differ between windup and stretch and always pitching from the stretch is simpler than mastering 2 techniques.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare windup and stretch fastball pitching biomechanics.

Characterization of four peptides from milk fermented with kombucha cultures and their metal complexes-in search of new biotherapeutics.

The most common skin diseases include eczema, psoriasis, acne, and fungal infections. There is often no effective cure for them. Increasing antimicrobial drug resistance prompts us to search for new, safe, and effective therapeutics.

Comparison of glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematics between fastballs and curveballs during baseball pitching.

Shoulder injuries are common in baseball pitchers and primarily involve the glenohumeral joint. Past analyses have examined shoulder biomechanics during different pitch types simply as the motion of the upper arm relative to the thorax. In this study, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematics were compared between fastballs and curveballs at key timepoints throughout a pitch.

Source attribution of carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter in the urban atmosphere based on chemical and carbon isotope composition.

Air quality is of large concern in the city of Krakow, southern Poland. A comprehensive study was launched by us in which two PM fractions (PM and PM) were sampled during 1-year campaign, lasting from April 21, 2018 to March 19, 2019. A suite of modern analytical methods was used to characterize the chemical composition of the collected samples.

Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions.

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds (VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed.

Influence of Chemical Composition on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Vacuum-Carburized Low-Alloy Steels.

This study presents research results concerning the vacuum carburizing of four steel grades, specifically conforming to European standards 1.7243, 1.6587, 1.

Argument-based inductive logics, with coverage of compromised perception.

Formal deductive logic, used to express and reason over declarative, axiomatizable content, captures, we now know, essentially all of what is known in mathematics and physics, and captures as well the details of the proofs by which such knowledge has been secured. This is certainly impressive, but deductive logic alone cannot enable rational adjudication of arguments that are at variance (however much additional information is added). After affirming a fundamental directive, according to which argumentation should be the basis for human-centric AI, we introduce and employ both a deductive and-crucially-an inductive .

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair With Suture Tape Augmentation: Can You Overtighten?

Background: There has been a renewed interest and, recently, wider implementation of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) repair in throwing athletes because of improvement in ligament repair technology and corresponding outcome data.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanical parameters and failure mode between 2 brace-tightening techniques for UCL repair.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Biomechanical Basis of Interval Throwing Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review.

Background: Interval throwing programs are used in rehabilitation of throwing injuries, especially ulnar collateral ligament injuries. Athletes who are rehabilitating begin by throwing on flat ground progressing through increasing distances, number of throws, and intensity of throwing. If the athlete is a baseball pitcher, the flat-ground throwing phase is followed by pitching on a mound at progressively increased effort.

Crystal Lattice Defects in Deuterated Zr in Presence of O and C Impurities Studied by PAS and XRD for Electron Screening Effect.

Low-energy nuclear reactions are known to be extremely dependent on the local crystal structure and crystal defects of the deuterated samples. This has a strong influence on both hydrogen diffusion and the effective electron mass. The latter determines the strength of the local electron-screening effect and can change the deuteron-deuteron reaction rates at very low energies by many orders of magnitude.

Comparison of a single-view image-based system to a multi-camera marker-based system for human static pose estimation.

The purpose of this study was to compare human static pose estimation data measured with a single-view image-based system and a multi-camera marker-based system. Thirty participants (20 male/10 female, mean ± standard deviation 29.1 ± 10.

Sensitivity Constraints of Extractive Electrospray for a Model System and Secondary Organic Aerosol.

The quantification of an aerosol chemical composition is complicated by the uncertainty in the sensitivity of each species detected. Soft-ionization response factors can vary widely from molecule to molecule. Here, we have employed a method to separate molecules by their volatility through systematic evaporation with a thermal denuder (TD).