Social experience alters socially induced serotonergic fluctuations in the inferior colliculus.

Past social experience and current social context shape the responses of animals to social signals. The serotonergic system is one potential mechanism by which both experiential and contextual factors could be conveyed to sensory systems, such as the auditory system, for multiple reasons. ) Many features of the serotonergic system are sensitive to social experience.

Clinical and molecular epidemiology of veterinary blastomycosis in Wisconsin.

Background: Several studies have shown that Blastomyces dermatitidis, the etiologic agent of blastomycosis, is a genetically diverse pathogen. Blastomycosis is a significant health issue in humans and other mammals. Veterinary and human isolates matched with epidemiological case data from the same geographic area and time period were used to determine: (i) if differences in genetic diversity and structure exist between clinical veterinary and human isolates of B.

Variation in clinical phenotype of human infection among genetic groups of Blastomyces dermatitidis.

Background: Blastomyces dermatitidis, the etiologic agent of blastomycosis, has 2 genetic groups and shows varied clinical presentation, ranging from silent infections to fulminant respiratory disease and dissemination. The objective of this study was to determine whether clinical phenotype and outcomes vary based on the infecting organism's genetic group.

Methods: We used microsatellites to genotype 227 clinical isolates of B.

Population genetic structure of clinical and environmental isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis, based on 27 polymorphic microsatellite markers.

Blastomyces dermatitidis, a thermally dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of North American blastomycosis. Clinical presentation is varied, ranging from silent infections to fulminant respiratory disease and dissemination to skin and other sites. Exploration of the population genetic structure of B.

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) and their variability in two other species (Lepisosteus oculatus and L. osseus) of Lepisosteidae.

We report on the isolation of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci from alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), a large-bodied species that has experienced population declines across much of its range. These loci possessed 2-19 alleles and observed heterozygosities of 0-0.974.

Temporal effective size estimates of a managed walleye Sander vitreus population and implications for genetic-based management.

The goal of this research was to use the long-term fishery data set and DNA from archived scales of walleye Sander vitreus in Escanaba Lake, WI, U.S.A.

Development of new microsatellite loci and multiplex reactions for muskellunge (Esox masquinongy).

The muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) is a valued fisheries species throughout its native range. Numerous studies have documented performance and phenotypic differences among muskellunge populations, but genetic markers for assessment have been lacking. We characterized 14 microsatellite loci and developed five multiplex polymerase chain reactions.

Effect of foot orthotics on quadriceps and gluteus medius electromyographic activity during selected exercises.

Objective: To compare electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and gluteus medius during functional activities in subjects with different foot types while wearing various off-the-shelf foot orthotics.

Design: Experimental, controlled; 3 foot-type groups (pes planus, pes cavus, pes rectus) each tested in 4 orthotic conditions while performing 3 different exercises.

Setting: Laboratory.

A molecular phylogeny of the Percidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence.

The family Percidae is among the most speciose families of northern hemisphere fishes with > 178 178 North American species and 14 Eurasian species. Previous phylogenetic studies have been hampered by a lack of informative characters, inadequate taxonomic sampling, and conflicting data. We estimated phylogenetic relationships among 54 percid species (9 of 10 genera and all but one subgenus of darters) and four outgroup taxa using mitochondrial DNA data from the 12S rRNA and cytochrome b genes.

Molecular characterization of bacteria inhabiting a water distribution system simulator.

The objective of this study was to monitor the impact of chlorination and chloramination treatments on heterotrophic bacteria (HB) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) inhabiting a water distribution system simulator. HB densities decreased while AOB densities increased when chloramine was added. AOB densities decreased below detection limits after the disinfection treatment was switched back to chlorination.

Pollution-tolerant allele in fingernail clams (Musculium transversum).

For nearly 50 years, the fingernail clam (Musculium transversum) was believed to be virtually eliminated from the Illinois River. In 1991, workers began finding substantial populations of M. transversum in the Illinois River including several beds in and around the highly polluted Chicago Sanitary District.

The genetic relationships between Echinostoma caproni, E. paraensei, and E. trivolvis as determined by electrophoresis.

Adults of Echinostoma caproni, E. paraensei, and E. trivolvis were processed for starchgel electrophoresis.