A Quantitative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Grading System, Including Supratentorial and Infratentorial Cisterns, With Multiplanar Computed Tomography Reformations.

Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) grading scales typically evaluate a limited number of cisterns on the axial plane. The goal of our study is to apply a simple quantitative yet comprehensive SAH grading scale to all major intracranial cisterns, including the infratentorial cisterns, with multiplanar computed tomography (CT) reformations. Methodology We performed a retrospective review of 94 consecutive cases of spontaneous SAH presenting within 72 hours of onset.

Multiplanar CT evaluation of aneurysm rupture signs in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Purpose: In subarachnoid hemorrhage, noncontrast CT features are used to guide the localization of ruptured aneurysms on CT angiography and DSA. Multiplanar CT may improve the localization of aneurysm rupture sites over axial plane CT alone.

Methods: Multiplanar CT in three orthogonal planes was used to evaluate 94 cases of SAH.

Determination of Programmable Shunt Setting Using CT: Feasibility Study.

Background: Programmable shunts can be adjusted to optimize CSF diversion in patients with hydrocephalus without the need for re-operation. Currently, all shunts incorporate radiopaque markers so that their setting can be determined on skull X-ray images. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the shunt setting could also be determined ex vivo and in vivo using the data from a standard head CT scan since one is nearly always obtained when patients with VP shunts present with new symptoms that could be due to shunt malfunction.

A Comprehensive Update of the Incidence and Demographics of Laryngoceles in Adults.

Objective: To provide updated data on the incidence, types, and demographics of laryngoceles in the adult population.

Methods: We searched the medical archives of our institute for computed tomography (CT) studies acquired between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2017 in which the term "laryngocele" appeared in the radiology reports. Two of the authors reviewed relevant images for the presence, type, distribution, and laterality of true laryngoceles.

Intravenous Line Phase-Wrap Artifact at Bilateral Axial 3-T Breast MRI: Identification, Analysis, and Solution.

Purpose: To understand and remove the source of a phase-wrap artifact produced by residual contrast agent in the intravenous line during acquisition of bilateral axial 3-T dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) breast MRI.

Materials And Methods: A two-part study involved a phantom experiment, followed by an institutional review board approved clinical intervention, to evaluate the phase-wrap artifact at MRI. A phantom model evaluated artifact production by using an intravenous line filled with fluids with varying concentrations of gadolinium-based contrast agent (0, 0.

Skull Base Anatomy in Patients with Bilateral Choanal Atresia: A Radiographic Study.

 The risk of skull base injury during choanal atresia repair can be mitigated via thorough understanding of skull base anatomy. There is a paucity of data describing differences in skull base anatomy between patients with coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae, growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear abnormalities (CHARGE) syndrome and those without.  The aim of this study was to measure nasal and skull base anatomy in patients with isolated bilateral choanal atresia (BCA), CHARGE syndrome, and other syndromic congenital anomalies.

Comparison of tracheoscopy and portable chest X-Ray in the evaluation of infant tracheostomy tube position.

Objective: To compare tracheoscopy and chest radiograph measurements of tracheostomy tube position in infants.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Otolaryngology Department at Penn State Milton S.

Terminology, Definitions, and Classification in the Imaging of Laryngoceles.

Objective: We aim to better define the anatomy, criteria, and classification of laryngoceles, and to raise the awareness to potential mimickers and anatomical variants leading to misdiagnosis.

Methods: A retrospective review of all computed tomography studies, performed over a decade, with the diagnosis of "laryngocele" in the radiological report in a tertiary medical center. All relevant studies were reviewed by two independent readers for the presence of true laryngoceles.

Radiotheragnostics Paradigm for Radioactive Iodine (Iodide) Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

This review of radioactive iodide treatment (RAIT) extends from historical origins to its modern utilization in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The principles embedded in the radiotheragnostics (RTGs) paradigm are detailed. The diverse approaches in current practice are addressed, and this broad variability represents a major weakness that erodes our specialty's trust-based relationship with patients and referring physicians.

Incidental CT Findings Suspicious for COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia on Nuclear Medicine Examinations: Recognition and Management Plan.

Some patients undergoing routine SPECT/CT and PET/CT examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic may incidentally reveal findings of COVID-19-associated pneumonia (C-19AP) on localizing CT. It is critical for nuclear medicine physicians to develop diagnostic skills for timely recognition of typical findings of C-19AP on a localizing CT. Furthermore, it is our responsibility to know the optimal practices for safely isolating and managing such patients while protecting the staff, other patients at the facility, family and/or friend accompanying the patients, and the public in general from risky exposure to COVID-19 sources.

Quantifying disruption of workflow by phone calls to the neuroradiology reading room.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to understand the source and the reason for the phone calls to our neuroradiology suit and to quantify the size of the problem in terms of duration of individual and aggregated calls.

Materials And Methods: Observation of the neuroradiology reading room for the entire duration of the working hours over three non-consecutive days was performed, and included telephone calls start time, end time and calls duration for incoming telephone calls. After each phone call the recipients were queried on the details of the phone call; the origin of the call, the reason for the call and the response.

Magnetic Eyelashes: A New Source of MRI Artifacts.

The purpose of this study was to show, by use of a phantom, that magnetic eyelashes worn in the MRI environment can cause substantial artifact and that detachment of the eyelashes from the phantom can occur. A new cosmetic product, magnetic eyelashes, should be of interest and concern to radiologists and technologists working in the MRI environment. We strongly recommend inserting a line about magnetic eyelashes on the MRI safety questionnaire and adding stops in the screening system to prevent the entry of anyone with these lashes, including staff, into the MRI scanner room.

Machine learning concepts, concerns and opportunities for a pediatric radiologist.

Machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, is a rapidly evolving technology that offers great potential for expanding the quality and value of pediatric radiology. We describe specific types of learning, including supervised, unsupervised and semisupervised. Subsequently, we illustrate two core concepts for the reader: data partitioning and under/overfitting.

Cardiac MRI: A Useful Tool for Differentiating Cardiac Thrombi from Tumors.

Background: Correct diagnosis of cardiac masses is a challenge in clinical practice. Accurate identification and differentiation between cardiac thrombi and tumors is crucial because prognosis and appropriate clinical management vary substantially.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performances of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in differentiating between cardiac thrombi and tumors.

Radiation Reduction in Low Dose Pulsed Fluoroscopy versus Standard Dose Continuous Fluoroscopy during Fluoroscopically-Guided Lumbar Punctures: A Prospective Controlled Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiation dose reduction in fluoroscopically guided lumbar punctures (FGLP) using "pulsed fluoroscopy in a low dose mode" compared with the commonly used "continuous fluoroscopy in a standard dose mode" while maintaining the technical success.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-five consecutive patients who underwent FGLP divided randomly to seventeen patients in the control group with standard dose continuous FGLP and eighteen patients in the study group with low-dose low-frame-rate of 3 frames per second (fps) FGLP. Entrance surface dose measurements from a dosimeter device were recorded as well as the dose area product (DAP).

Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine do exist in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a detailed thoracic spine CT analysis.

Background Degenerative intervertebral disease (DID) is an exclusion criterion in the Resnick and Niwayama radiographic classification for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). However, although DID was previously described in DISH, no systematic computed tomography (CT) analysis has been reported so far. Purpose To assess for the presence and prevalence of such changes on CT examinations of the thoracic spine of individuals with DISH.

Gynecological Lymphoma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiological characteristics of gynecological lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) and specific imaging features that may suggest the diagnosis.

Methods: Two readers conducted a retrospective evaluation of imaging studies of 13 female patients presenting with a gynecological LPD. A literature review was also performed.

Metal-on-Metal Hip Replacement: MRI Signal Intensities of Different Body Tissues and Their Relations to Blood Metal Ion Levels.

Background: Metal-on-metal total hip prostheses (MoM-THR) have been shown to produce hypersensitivity reactions and fluid collection (pseudotumor) by the hip as well as high blood metal ions levels (BMILs).

Objectives: To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in selected body tissues around the hip of patients who underwent MoM hip replacement and to correlate to BMILs.

Methods: Sixty-one MRI hip examinations in 54 post-MoM-THR patients (18 males, 36 females, mean age 65 years) were retrospectively evaluated independently by two readers.

The significance of Computed Tomography in invasive paranasal mucormycosis.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) is crucial for patients prognosis and may reduce the extent of surgical debridement. Initial evaluation usually includes paranasal Computed Tomography (CT), with an emphasis on bony erosion which is considered a specific but insensitive radiologic sign. Most studies made no distinction between Aspergillus and Mucor species while addressing CT findings.

CT Abnormalities in the Sacroiliac Joints of Patients With Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to characterize sacroiliac joints (SIJs) findings at CT of patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), a condition characterized (using the Resnick classification criteria) by ossification of at least four contiguous vertebrae in the thoracic spine and preserved disk space, but without radiographic evidence of intraarticular SIJ abnormalities.

Materials And Methods: Pelvic CT examinations of 104 patients with DISH (fulfilling the Resnick criteria on spinal CT) and 106 age- and sex-matched control subjects whose entire spine lacked CT evidence of DISH (total, 149 men and 61 women; mean [± SD] age, 72.3 ± 8.

Pelvic enthesopathy on CT is significantly more prevalent in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) compared with matched control patients.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of pelvic enthesopathy on computed tomography (CT) in patients with DISH compared to matched control group. Pelvic CT examinations of patients with DISH (Resnick criteria) were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of enthesophytes at four entheseal sites bilaterally: ischial tuberosity, pubis, greater trochanter, and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). This was compared with age- and gender-matched control group of consecutive patients with <2 flowing osteophytes on CT along the entire spine.

Bilateral total hip replacement: periprosthetic pseudotumor collections are more prevalent in metal-on-metal implants compared to non-metal-on-metal ones.

Background: Metal-on-metal (MoM) hip prostheses were shown to have high failure rates including the formation of periprosthetic cystic masses called periprosthetic pseudotumor collections (PPCs).

Purpose: To compare MRI prevalence and size of PPCs in patients after bilateral total-hip-replacement (THR) in which at least one hip was replaced by a MoM prosthesis.

Material And Methods: All sequential MRI examinations of patients with bilateral THR in which at least one is MoM (2010-2013) were retrospectively evaluated.