Deep vs shallow: GPS tags reveal a dichotomy in movement patterns of loggerhead turtles foraging in a coastal bay.

Background: Individual variation in movement strategies of foraging loggerhead turtles have been documented on the scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers within single ocean basins. Use of different strategies among individuals may reflect variations in resources, predation pressure or competition. It is less common for individual turtles to use different foraging strategies on the scale of kilometers within a single coastal bay.

Excess manganese increases photosynthetic activity via enhanced reducing center and antenna plasticity in Chlorella vulgaris.

Photosynthesis relies on many easily oxidizable/reducible transition metals found in the metalloenzymes that make up much of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC). One of these is manganese, an essential cofactor of photosystem II (PSII) and a component of the oxygen-evolving complex, the only biological entity capable of oxidizing water. Additionally, manganese is a cofactor in enzymatic antioxidants, notably the superoxide dismutases-which are localized to the chloroplastic membrane.

Analysis of body condition indices reveals different ecotypes of the Antillean manatee.

Assessing the body condition of wild animals is necessary to monitor the health of the population and is critical to defining a framework for conservation actions. Body condition indices (BCIs) are a non-invasive and relatively simple means to assess the health of individual animals, useful for addressing a wide variety of ecological, behavioral, and management questions. The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is an endangered subspecies of the West Indian manatee, facing a wide variety of threats from mostly human-related origins.

Prognostic value of colonic and peripheral venous lactate measurements in horses with large colon volvulus.

Objective: To determine the prognostic value of (1) colonic venous lactate or peripheral lactate values obtained before and after manual correction of a large colon volvulus and (2) a combination of variables including pelvic flexure biopsy.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: Forty adult horses in which large colon volvulus was diagnosed intraoperatively.

Skiers and snowboarders have improved short-term outcomes with immediate fixation of tibial plateau fractures.

Background: Tibial plateau fractures (TPFs) are frequently associated with motor vehicle accidents, auto-pedestrian crashes and falls. However, hospitals near ski resorts commonly treat TPF resulting from skiing. The soft tissue envelope and original mechanism of injury are important determinants in the decision to proceed with immediate or delayed fixation of the fracture.

Consortial brown tide - picocyanobacteria blooms in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba.

A brown tide bloom of Aureoumbra lagunensis developed in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba during a period of drought in 2013 that followed heavy winds and rainfall from Hurricane Sandy in late October 2012. Based on satellite images and water turbidity measurements, the bloom appeared to initiate in January 2013. The causative species (A.

Volume of Larvae Is the Most Important Single Predictor of Mass Temperatures in the Forensically Important Calliphorid, Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

Calliphorid species form larval aggregations that are capable of generating heat above ambient temperature. We wanted to determine the relationship between volume, number of larvae, and different combinations of instars on larval mass heat generation. We compared different numbers of Chrysomya megacephala (F.

The epidemiology, prognosis, and trends of severe traumatic brain injury with presenting Glasgow Coma Scale of 3.

Purpose: To characterize trends and prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: This 5-year multicenter retrospective study included patients with TBI and Glasgow Coma Scale of 3. We analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics and mortality using Pearson χ tests, Cochran-Armitage trend tests, and stepwise logistic regression.

Statin discontinuation and mortality in an older adult population with traumatic brain injury: A four-year, multi-centre, observational cohort study.

Introduction: Statin discontinuation has been investigated in a wide range of diseases and injuries, but there is a paucity of data in the older adult population with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to re-examine the extent to which early discontinuation of pre-injury statin (PIS) therapy increases the risk of poor patient outcomes in older adult patients suffering a TBI.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of adult trauma patients with a blunt TBI across three trauma centres over four years.

Development of the Oriental Latrine Fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae), at Five Constant Temperatures.

Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) is a forensically important fly that is found throughout the tropics and subtropics. We calculated the accumulated development time and transition points for each life stage from eclosion to adult emergence at five constant temperatures: 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. For each transition, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles were calculated with a logistic linear model.

Oxidation-Reduction Potential as a Biomarker for Severity and Acute Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury.

There are few reliable markers for assessing traumatic brain injury (TBI). Elevated levels of oxidative stress have been observed in TBI patients. We hypothesized that oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) could be a potent biomarker in TBI.

Hypotensive Resuscitation among Trauma Patients.

Hemorrhagic shock is a principal cause of death among trauma patients within the first 24 hours after injury. Optimal fluid resuscitation strategies have been examined for nearly a century, more recently with several randomized controlled trials. Hypotensive resuscitation, also called permissive hypotension, is a resuscitation strategy that uses limited fluids and blood products during the early stages of treatment for hemorrhagic shock.

Does diabetes type increase the odds of venous thromboembolism following traumatic injury?

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a clinically significant complication after trauma even though screening and prophylaxis strategies for at-risk patients have substantially reduced incidence. Our study sought to determine if diabetes, a condition that promotes thrombi formation, is associated with developing a VTE in trauma patients.

Methods: The registries of 2 level I and a level II trauma centers were retrospectively reviewed for consecutively admitted trauma patients over a 6-year period.

The low molecular weight fraction of human serum albumin upregulates production of 15d-PGJ2 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

Activation of the innate immune system involves a series of events designed to counteract the initial insult followed by the clearance of debris and promotion of healing. Aberrant regulation can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ failure, and chronic inflammation. A better understanding of the innate immune response may help manage complications while allowing for proper immune progression.

Cerebral salt wasting after traumatic brain injury: a review of the literature.

Electrolyte imbalances are common among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is an electrolyte imbalance characterized by hyponatremia and hypovolemia. Differentiating the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and CSW remains difficult and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CSW are unclear.

Aggressive operative neurosurgical management in patients with extra-axial mass lesion and Glasgow Coma Scale of 3 is associated with survival benefit: A propensity matched analysis.

Introduction: Prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3 is poor, raising concern regarding the utility of aggressive operative neurosurgical management. Our purpose was to describe outcomes in a propensity matched population with TBI and GCS3 treated with operative neurosurgical procedures of craniotomy or craniectomy (CRANI).

Methods: We conducted a five-year, multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with an ED GCS 3 and a positive head CT identified by ICD-9CM diagnosis codes.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity in the Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Commercial Human Serum Albumin (LMWF5A).

The innate immune system is increasingly being recognized as a critical component in osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology. An ex vivo immunoassay utilizing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was developed in order to assess the OA anti-inflammatory properties of the low molecular weight fraction (<5 kDa) of commercial human serum albumin (LMWF5A). PBMC from various donors were pre-incubated with LMWF5A before LPS stimulation.

Sepsis, oxidative stress, and hypoxia: Are there clues to better treatment?

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation, usually in response to infection. The signs and symptoms are very similar to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), which typically occur consequent to trauma and auto-immune diseases. Common treatments of sepsis include administration of antibiotics and oxygen.

Improvement in Bilateral Carpal Valgus Deviation in 9 Foals After Unilateral Distolateral Radial Periosteal Transection and Elevation.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of periosteal transection and elevation in foals with naturally occurring carpal valgus deviation.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: Foals (n = 9) with bilateral carpal valgus.

Outcome of medial patellar ligament desmoplasty for treatment of intermittent upward fixation of the patella in 24 horses (2005-2012).

This retrospective study provides long-term results of medial patellar ligament (MPL) desmoplasty in horses with intermittent upward fixation of the patella (UFP) that were treated at a single referral hospital over a 7-year period. Follow-up interviews were conducted with owners, trainers, or referring veterinarians using a standardized questionnaire. Overall, 71% of horses returned to their intended use with only 18% at a higher level.

The epidemiology of do-not-resuscitate orders in patients with trauma: a community level one trauma center observational experience.

Background: Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) orders in patients with traumatic injury are insufficiently described. The objective is to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of DNR orders in trauma patients.

Methods: We included all adults with trauma to a community Level I Trauma Center over 6 years (2008-2013).

The effect of age on Glasgow Coma Scale score in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Importance: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used frequently to define the extent of neurologic injury in patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether age affects the predictive ability of the GCS for severity of TBI (determined by the Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score) remains unknown.

Objective: To investigate the effect of age on the association between the GCS and anatomic TBI severity.

A fresh liver agar substrate for rearing small numbers of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

Forensically important calliphorids can be reared on a mixture of beef liver and agar. Small pieces of meat, especially fresh or frozen beef liver, will desiccate in 2-6 h, but this simple-to-make feeding substrate remains moist for at least 12 h at 25 and 30 degrees C without desiccation, even in small (5 g) amounts. We determined the survivorship of small numbers of Chrysomya megacephala (F.

A rapid, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction test for the identification of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage samples.

Background: Standard bacteriologic culture techniques offer results within 2 days to 3 days, precluding a focused and timely antibiotic therapy in ventilated trauma patients. Our laboratory developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test that can detect 25 different bacteria and fungi and methicillin resistance and offers results within 3 hours. The objective of this study was to compare the qPCR method to standard culture techniques.