Risk factors associated with failure of extubation in very-low-birth-weight newborns.

Aim: To identify risk factors associated with the failure of extubation of mechanically ventilated very-low-birth-weight newborns.

Study Design: Prospective observational study. Assessment of the occurrence of extubation failure in relation to demographic and ventilation parameters, the SpO/FiO ratio, the spontaneous breathing test (SBT) and values of the Silverman-Andersen score (SAS).

Etiology and Outcome of Severe Apparent Life-Threatening Events in Infants.

Introduction: An apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) is defined as "an episode that is frightening to the observer and is characterized by some combination of apnea, color change, marked change of muscle tone, choking, or gagging."

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine etiology and outcome of severe ALTE (requiring resuscitation measures) and to review diagnostic approaches in infants hospitalized after such an episode of ALTE.

Methods: Retrospective analysis included patients hospitalized at the Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Child and Youth Healthcare of Vojvodina, after an episode of severe ALTE over a 4-year period.

Severe neonatal subgaleal hemorrhage as the first presentation of hemophilia A.

Introduction: Subgaleal hemorrhage is a rare but potentially fatal birth trauma. It is caused by rupture of the emissary veins (connections between the dural sinuses and scalp veins), followed by the accumulation of blood between the epicranial aponeurosis and the periosteum. Usually, it is associated with instrumental delivery (vacuum extraction, forceps delivery), but it may also occur spontaneously, suggesting the possibility of congenital bleeding disorder.

Neuroprotective effects of hypothermia and erythropoietin after perinatal asphyxia in newborn rats.

Objective: Evaluation of neuroprotective effects of hypothermia, erythropoietin and their simultaneous use after perinatal asphyxia in newborn rats.

Method: Hysterectomy was performed to Wistar female rats on the last day of gestation. Perinatal asphyxia was induced by submersion of uterus containing pups in saline for 15 min.

The influence of EPO and hypothermia on the kidneys of rats after perinatal asphyxia.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of erythropoietin (EPO), moderate hypothermia, and a combination thereof on the kidneys of newborn rats damaged during perinatal asphyxia. An animal model of perinatal asphyxia (Wistar rats) was used in which after birth, newborn rats were divided into four groups of 15 animals each: G1, rats exposed only to asphyxia; G2, rats exposed to asphyxia and hypothermia (rectal temperature 32°C) and which received EPO (darbepoetin alpha) intraperitoneally; G3, rats exposed to asphyxia and hypothermia; G4, rats exposed to asphyxia and which received EPO. The rats were sacrificed on the 7th day of life and histopathological evaluation of kidneys was performed.

Intracranial haemorrhage after transport of premature newborns.

Intracranial hemorrhage remains an important factor of premature newborns' morbidity. Its incidence is significantly influenced by adequate perinatal care and safe neonatal transport. Risk factors for the development of intracranial hemorrhage in premature newborns after neonatal transport were analyzed in the retrospective transversal clinical study.

A simultaneous comparison of four neonatal pain scales in clinical settings.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of four neonatal pain scales (DAN, NIPS, PIPP, and NPAS) in describing newborn's response to a painful event in clinical settings.

Methods: Prospective observational study at university-affiliated neonatal unit. Three hundred-sixty newborns were observed during venepuncture and heel lancing as a part of routine blood workout.

Newborns from in vitro fertilization conceived pregnancies.

Infertility, defined as 'unsuccessful conception after 1 year of unprotected intercourse', is an increasing problem in many countries. Demographic data in Serbia continue to show negative trend of depopulation. One-third of married couples in Serbia are childless and half of them cannot have offspring due to health problems.

[Morbidity and mortality of premature neonates after introduction of national in vitro fertilisation programme--our experience].

Introduction: Infertility occurs in approximately 10% of couples and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is its most efficient treatment method. The National IVF Programme started in October 1st, 2006.

Objective: Examination of morbidity and mortality of premature neonates conceived by IVF after initiation of the National IVF Programme.

[Acute renal failure in premature neonates].

Background/aim: Hemodynamic stress is the leading cause of acute renal failure (ARF) in premature neonates. Incidence of ARF in this population is between 8 and 24%. The aim of this study was to determine the frequence of presence of ARF in premature neonates, as well as its impact on their survival.

Prenatal urinary ascites due to the idiopathic bladder rupture.

The case of intrauterine idiopathic bladder rupture with consecutive urinary ascites is presented. Conservative management resulted in complete resolution of the lesion.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, in an 8-year-old girl, complicated by deafness and kidney fibrosis.

Based on case history and clinical and electrophysiological examinations, the authors report on a case of an 8-year-old girl who was diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. The disease was complicated by deafness and kidney fibrosis. During treatment with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, followed by mycophenolate mofetil, prompt improvement of neurological findings occurred.

[Pain indicators in newborns].

DEFINITION OF PAIN: The International Association for the Study of Pain has defined pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage." The interpretation of pain is subjective. Each person forms an internal construct of pain through encountered injury.

[The use of peritoneal dialysis in newborns].

Introduction: Acute renal failure is a common complication in critically ill newborn infants. The therapy of acute renal failure is conservative and etiological. Patients not responding to this kind of therapy require peritoneal dialysis.