Ammonium treatment inhibits cell cycle activity and induces nuclei endopolyploidization in Arabidopsis thaliana.

This study determined the effect of ammonium supply on the cell division process and showed that ammonium-dependent elevated reactive oxygen species production could mediate the downregulation of the cell cycle-related gene expression. Plants grown under high-ammonium conditions show stunted growth and other toxicity symptoms, including oxidative stress. However, how ammonium regulates the development of plants remains unknown.

The Use of Flow Cytometry for Estimating Genome Sizes and DNA Ploidy Levels in Plants.

Flow cytometry has emerged as a uniquely flexible, accurate, and widely applicable technology for the analysis of plant cells. One of its most important applications centers on the measurement of nuclear DNA contents. This chapter describes the essential features of this measurement, outlining the overall methods and strategies, but going on to provide a wealth of technical details to ensure the most accurate and reproducible results.

Effective reduction of Enteritidis in broiler chickens using the UPWr_S134 phage cocktail.

is a poultry-associated pathogen that is considered one of the most important zoonotic bacterial agents of contaminated food of animal origin including poultry products. Many efforts are taken to eliminate it from the food chain, and phages are one of the most promising tools to control in poultry production. We investigated the usefulness of the UPWr_S134 phage cocktail in reducing in broiler chickens.

Micropropagation Protocol and Genetic Stability of the Plants Cultivated In Vitro.

L. is a relict species, threatened with extinction in many European countries. To prevent the loss of the species, tissue culture was established to produce plant material for reintroduction in natural habitats.

Re-introduction of an extinct population of Pulsatilla patens using different propagation techniques.

The study focuses on the propagation of a rare and endangered plant species (Pulsatilla patens) to re-introduce an extinct population from calamine area in Southern Poland. The plants were propagated from seeds, rhizome cuttings, or regenerated in vitro from shoot tips, hypocotyls with roots or cotyledons of seedlings on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25 or 0.

Combining genome size and pollen morphology data to study species relationships in the genus Daucus (Apiaceae).

Background: The genus Daucus (Apiaceae) comprises about 40 wild species and the cultivated carrot, a crop of great economic and nutritional importance. The rich genetic diversity of wild Daucus species makes them a valuable gene pool for carrot improvement breeding programs. Therefore, it is essential to have good knowledge of the genome structure and relationships among wild Daucus species.

Investigations on Nuclear DNA Content and DNA Synthesis in Plants and Fungi Using Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy.

The twenty-first century has been an era of extensive genome exploration and modifications, using advanced methods such as genome sequencing and editing [...

L. var. -In Vitro Cultures and Phytochemical Screening as a Dual Strategy for Its Ex Situ Conservation and a Source of Bioactive Compounds of the Rare Species.

L. (Twinflower)-a dwarf shrub in the Linnaeeae tribe of Caprifoliaceae family-is distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. By means of this study, a reliable protocol for efficient micropropagation of uniform L.

Plant material selection, collection, preservation, and storage for nuclear DNA content estimation.

In theory, any plant tissue providing intact nuclei in sufficient quantity is suitable for nuclear DNA content estimation using flow cytometry (FCM). While this certainly opens a wide variety of possible applications of FCM, especially when compared to classical karyological techniques restricted to tissues with active cell division, tissue selection and quality may directly affect the precision (and sometimes even reliability) of FCM measurements. It is usually convenient to first consider the goals of the study to either aim for the highest possible accuracy of estimates (e.

Sex-Linked Molecular Markers Identify Female Lines in Endosperm-Derived Kiwifruit Callus and in Regenerants.

This is the first report of molecular markers application for the analysis of endosperm-derived callus and nonaploid kiwifruit ( var. formerly: ) plants. As a source of explants, fruits of 'Hayward', the most popular cultivar, were used.

Genetic Stability of the Endangered Species L. Regenerated In Vitro during the Reintroduction Process.

L. is a boreal relict species, threatened with extinction in Poland. An 80% decrease in the number of its stands was confirmed in the last half-century, so that to prevent the loss of downy willow, attempts were made to reintroduce this species in natural habitats.

Distinct co-tolerance responses to combined salinity and cadmium exposure in metallicolous and non-metallicolous ecotypes of Silene vulgaris.

This study compared co-tolerance to salinity and cadmium and investigated its mechanisms in a facultative metallophyte Silene vulgaris originating from distinct habitats. Shoots of calamine (Cal) and non-metallicolous (N-Cal) ecotypes grown in vitro were exposed to 10 and 100 mM NaCl, 5 μM CdCl and their combinations. Stress effects were evaluated based on growth, oxidative stress parameters, and DNA content and damage.

Micropropagation and Production of Somatic Seeds for Short-Term Storage of the Endangered Species L.

L. is a high-value herb and a source of important compounds that include phenolics, triterpenoid saponins, and essential oils. The present report indicates successful micropropagation of this species.

From cells highly tolerant to Zn and Pb to fully fertile plants - Selection of tolerant lines with in vitro culture.

Viola arvensis cells were selected after treatment with Zn or Pb and regenerated into plants likely to have higher tolerance levels than the initial plant. The surviving cells in the suspension treated with 2000 μM of Zn, 2000 μM of Pb or 0 μM for 72 h were maintained on a solidified half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L TDZ to induce divisions and organogenesis.

Field cress genome mapping: Integrating linkage and comparative maps with cytogenetic analysis for rDNA carrying chromosomes.

Field cress (Lepidium campestre L.), despite its potential as a sustainable alternative oilseed plant, has been underutilized, and no prior attempts to characterize the genome at the genetic or molecular cytogenetic level have been conducted. Genetic maps are the foundation for anchoring and orienting annotated genome assemblies and positional cloning of candidate genes.

DNA synthesis pattern, proteome, and ABA and GA signalling in developing seeds of Norway maple (Acer platanoides).

Mature seeds of Norway maple exhibit desiccation tolerance and deep physiological dormancy. Flow cytometry, proteomics, and immunodetection have been combined to investigate seed development of this species. DNA content analysis revealed that cell cycle/endoreduplication activity differs between seed organs and developmental stages.

Establishing the cell biology of apomictic reproduction in diploid Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae).

Background And Aims: In the Brassicaceae family, apomictic development is characteristic of the genus Boechera. Hybridization, polyploidy and environmental adaptation that arose during the evolution of Boechera may serve as (epi)genetic regulators of apomictic initiation in this genus. Here we focus on Boechera stricta, a predominantly diploid species that reproduces sexually.

The effect of pre-laying maternal immunization on offspring growth and immunity differs across experimentally altered postnatal rearing conditions in a wild songbird.

Background: Prenatal antibody transfer is an immune-mediated maternal effect by which females can shape postnatal offspring resistance to pathogens and parasites. Maternal antibodies passed on to offspring provide primary protection to neonates against diverse pathogenic antigens, but they may also affect offspring growth and influence the development of an offspring's own immune response. The effects of maternal antibodies on offspring performance commonly require that the disease environment experienced by a mother prior to breeding matches the environment encountered by her offspring after hatching/birth.

FISH-aimed karyotype analysis in Aconitum subgen. Aconitum reveals excessive rDNA sites in tetraploid taxa.

The location of 5S and 35S rDNA sequences in chromosomes of four Aconitum subsp. Aconitum species was analyzed after fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Both in diploids (2n = 2x = 16; Aconitum variegatum, A.

A biotrophic fungal infection of the great burnet Sanguisorba officinalis indirectly affects caterpillar performance of the endangered scarce large blue butterfly Phengaris teleius.

Interactions between ecological communities of herbivores and microbes are commonly mediated by a shared plant. A tripartite interaction between a pathogenic fungus-host plant-herbivorous insect is an example of such mutual influences. In such a system a fungal pathogen commonly has a negative influence on the morphology and biochemistry of the host plant, with consequences for insect herbivore performance.