A 3D MOF based on Adamantoid Tetracopper(II) and Aminophosphine Oxide Cages: Structural Features and Magnetic and Catalytic Properties.

This work describes an unexpected generation of a new 3D metal-organic framework (MOF), [Cu(μ-Cl)(μ-O)Cu(OH)(μ-PTA═O)]·2Cl-EtOH·2.5HO, from copper(II) chloride and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane 7-oxide (PTA═O). The obtained product is composed of diamandoid tetracopper(II) [Cu(μ-Cl)(μ-O)] cages and monocopper(II) [Cu(OH)] units that are assembled, via the diamandoid μ-PTA═O linkers, into an intricate 3D net with an topology.

Synthesis, Structural, and Cytotoxic Properties of New Water-Soluble Copper(II) Complexes based on 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-Phenanthroline and Their One Derivative Containing 1,3,5-Triaza-7-Phosphaadamantane-7-Oxide.

A series of water-soluble copper(II) complexes based on 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen) and mixed-ligands, containing PTA=O (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-7-oxide) have been synthesized and fully characterized. Two types of complexes have been obtained, monocationic [Cu(NO)(O-PTA=O)(dmphen)][PF] (), [Cu(Cl)(dmphen)][PF] (), and neutral [Cu(NO)(dmphen)] (). The solid-state structures of all complexes have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Copper(II) and Sodium(I) Complexes based on 3,7-Diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-5-oxide: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity.

The reaction of 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DAPTA) with metal salts of Cu or Na /Ni under mild conditions led to the oxidized phosphane derivative 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.

Short- and long-term consequences on biochemical markers after fundectomy in pigs supplemented with 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate and alpha-ketoglutarate.

The aim of this study was to investigate short-term 4 and 14 weeks after fundectomy) and long-term (at the age of 8 months) postoperative effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate and/or alpha-ketoglutarate on selected serum biochemical markers in fundectomized pigs. Experimental fundectomy was performed in 30 castrated male pigs of the Puławska breed who received placebo or 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate and/or alpha-ketoglutarate up to the age of 8 months. Plasma amino acid concentrations and selected blood parameters were analyzed.

2-Oxoglutaric acid administration diminishes fundectomy-induced osteopenia in pigs.

Partial surgical removal of the stomach (fundectomy, FX) leads to osteopenia in animals and humans. FX adversely affects the bone. 2-oxoglutaric acid is a precursor of glutamine and hydroxyproline--the most abundant amino acid of collagen.

Bone development of suckling piglets after prenatal, neonatal or perinatal treatment with dexamethasone.

In mammals, the release from growth-inhibiting conditions results in catch-up growth. To investigate animal evidence for whether prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) treatment leads to the development of growth restriction especially reduced mineralization of skeleton, and release from it leads to the phenomenon of catch-up, piglets were prenatally exposed to DEX (3.0 mg/sow per day(-2)) during the last 24 days of prenatal life and tested further in two different ways: discontinued at birth and continued administration of DEX (0.

Alpha-ketoglutarate protects the liver of piglets exposed during prenatal life to chronic excess of dexamethasone from metabolic and structural changes.

Glucocorticoids play a role in the origin of the features of the metabolic diseases. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is defined as glutamine homologue and derivative, conditionally an essential amino acid. In the liver, glutamine serves as a precursor for ureagenesis, gluconeogenesis and acute phase protein synthesis The aim of the study was to determine the effect of AKG administered to piglets prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, on the structure of the liver and its metabolic function.

Aged garlic extract and allicin improve performance and gastrointestinal tract development of piglets reared in artificial sow.

This study was performed to investigate whether postnatal administration with aged garlic extract (AGE) and allicin influences performance and systemic development of piglets exposed to early weaning. Twenty-four male piglets were weaned from sows at the age of two days of life, divided into 4 weight-matched groups and kept under conditions of artificial sow for 6 days. The first group consisted of control animals, while piglets that were given AGE daily per os at the dosages of 1 ml and 2 ml/kg body weight, respectively belonged to the second and third group.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate administration diminishes fundectomy-induced osteopenia of the lumbar spine in pigs.

Objective: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that oral administration with 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (HMB) positively influences bone metabolism and diminishes fundectomy-induced osteopenia of the axial skeleton in pigs. The pig model was chosen because of its recognized physiologic and anatomic similarities of the gastrointestinal tract and skeletal system to those of humans.

Methods: Eighteen male pigs were divided into three weight-matched groups at 40 d of life.

Fundectomy-evoked osteopenia in pigs is mediated by the gastric-hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of gastric impairment in pigs on the axial and peripheral skeletal system properties and to test the hypothesis that fundectomy-evoked osteopenia is related to disturbed gastric-hypothalamic-pituitary axis function. Forty-day-old male piglets were subjected to experimental fundectomy (FX group, n = 6) to induce osteopenia, while sham operation was performed in the controls (SHO group, n = 6). At the age of 8 months, serum samples were collected, and the animals were sacrificed to obtain lumbar vertebrae (L1-L6) and right humerus for analysis.

Prenatal programming of skeletal development in the offspring: effects of maternal treatment with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on femur properties in pigs at slaughter age.

Alteration in fetal growth and development in response to prenatal environmental conditions such as nutrition has long-term or permanent effects during postnatal life. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) treatment of sows during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy on programming of skeletal development in the offspring. The study was performed on 141 pigs born by 12 sows of Polish Landrace breed.

Effect of maternal dexamethasone and alpha-ketoglutarate administration on skeletal development during the last three weeks of prenatal life in pigs.

Background: The effect of dexamethasone (Dex) on postnatal bone formation processes is known to decrease the synthesis of collagen and bone matrix, but the effect of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is to induce positive effects on growth and skeletal development during postnatal life. However, the effects of Dex and AKG treatment on the prenatal processes of skeletal development have not been investigated so far.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Dex and AKG administered separately or simultaneously to sows during the last three weeks of pregnancy on the skeletal development in fetuses.

Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate increases mineralization and mechanical properties of tibia in turkeys.

Skeletal disorders in rapidly growing poultry are commonplace. This study was performed to investigate the effect of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) administration during the last 7 weeks of life on structural properties, mineralization, and mechanical endurance of skeleton in turkeys at slaughter. Healthy HB Medium Bronze female turkeys were randomly assigned to two weight-matched groups at the age of 12 weeks.

Effects of alpha-ketoglutarate on bone homeostasis and plasma amino acids in turkeys.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of denervation and alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) administration on the development of osteopenia in the turkey radius. At 22 d of age, all turkeys were subjected to neurectomy of the right radius. Control turkeys were given a saline solution into the crop each day for 97 d.