Multicolor Tracking of Molecular Motors at Nanometer Resolution.

Molecular motors move processively along cytoskeletal filaments by stepping of their motor domains (MDs). Observation of how the MDs step relative to each other reveals the mechanism of motor processivity and various gating mechanisms used by motors to coordinate the catalytic cycles of their MDs. This chapter will discuss developments in simultaneous observation of the stepping motions of the two MDs of processive motors using two-color single-particle tracking microscopy.

Sm-site containing mRNAs can accept Sm-rings and are downregulated in Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Sm-ring assembly is important for the biogenesis, stability, and function of uridine-rich small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs) involved in pre-mRNA splicing and histone pre-mRNA processing. Sm-ring assembly is cytoplasmic and dependent upon the Sm-site sequence and structural motif, ATP, and (SMN) protein complex. While RNAs other than U snRNAs were previously shown to associate with Sm proteins, whether this association follows Sm-ring assembly requirements is unknown.

Stepping dynamics of dynein characterized by MINFLUX.

Cytoplasmic dynein is a dimeric motor that drives minus-end directed transport on microtubules (MTs). To couple ATP hydrolysis to a mechanical step, a dynein monomer must be released from the MT before undergoing a conformational change that generates a bias towards the minus end. However, the dynamics of dynein stepping have been poorly characterized by tracking flexible regions of the motor with limited resolution.

Exploring the Molecular Tapestry: Organ-Specific Peptide and Protein Ultrafiltrates and Their Role in Therapeutics.

This study aims to characterize the proteome composition of organ-derived protein extracts from rabbits. Protein isolation was performed using soft homogenization and size exclusion via ultrafiltration. The proteome analysis of the ultrafiltrates was conducted using gel electrophoresis, and the mass spectrometry data were subjected to gene ontology analysis.

Modulation of Cellular Senescence in HEK293 and HepG2 Cells by Ultrafiltrates UPla and ULu Is Partly Mediated by Modulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis under Oxidative Stress.

Protein probes, including ultrafiltrates from the placenta (UPla) and lung (ULu) of postnatal rabbits, were investigated in premature senescent HEK293 and HepG2 cells to explore whether they could modulate cellular senescence. Tris-Tricine-PAGE, gene ontology (GO), and LC-MS/MS analysis were applied to describe the characteristics of the ultrafiltrates. HEK293 and HepG2 cells (both under 25 passages) exposed to a sub-toxic concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HO, 300 μM) became senescent; UPla (10 μg/mL), ULu (10 μg/mL), as well as positive controls lipoic acid (10 μg/mL) and transferrin (10 μg/mL) were added along with HO to the cells.

Translation reinitiation after uORFs does not fully protect mRNAs from nonsense-mediated decay.

It is estimated that nearly 50% of mammalian transcripts contain at least one upstream open reading frame (uORF), which are typically one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the downstream main ORF. Most uORFs are thought to be inhibitory as they sequester the scanning ribosome, but in some cases allow for translation reinitiation. However, termination in the 5' UTR at the end of uORFs resembles premature termination that is normally sensed by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway.

The Paradoxical Home and Body in Jennifer Johnston's The Christmas Tree (1981).

Jennifer Johnston's fiction presents the conditions of Irish culture and society by exploring the separations between interior and exterior realms and past and present temporalities persisting within the insulating privacy of the familial home space. In The Christmas Tree (1981), the home is both haven and prison for Johnston's heroine. In this paper, I argue that the home-which assumes the form of the individual body and the familial home-is paradoxical.

The challenges of migrating an active learning classroom online in a crisis.

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely crippled our globalized society. Despite the chaos, much of our civilization continued to function, thanks to contemporary information and communication technologies. In education, this situation required instructors and students to abandon the traditional face-to-face lectures and move to a fully online learning environment.

Search for variations of N22a decay constant.

Exploration of possible anomalies in the decay of different radionuclides is an active research area in the fields of astrophysics and nuclear physics. The most significant changes in decay rates can be expected for β, β or electron capture decay nuclides, due to the proposed influence of the solar neutrino flux by some research groups. In this work, the nuclear decay rate of β decay of N22a was investigated during the time interval of ~33 days.

Observation of processive telomerase catalysis using high-resolution optical tweezers.

Telomere maintenance by telomerase is essential for continuous proliferation of human cells and is vital for the survival of stem cells and 90% of cancer cells. To compensate for telomeric DNA lost during DNA replication, telomerase processively adds GGTTAG repeats to chromosome ends by copying the template region within its RNA subunit. Between repeat additions, the RNA template must be recycled.

Simple coincidence technique for cosmic-ray intensity exploration via low-energy photon detection.

Changes in cosmic-ray intensity can significantly influence the search for rare events or processes in nuclear and astroparticle physics through corresponding variations in detector background count rate. In this work, we present an approach to explore cosmic-ray intensity and corresponding cascade production of secondary particles in the detector vicinity using low-energy photon background spectra induced by cosmic rays at the earth's surface. The coincidence system based on a plastic scintillator and an extended range HPGe detector, including a multiparameter device, was used for the acquisition of low-energy photon spectra.

Combined Force Ramp and Equilibrium High-Resolution Investigations Reveal Multipath Heterogeneous Unfolding of Protein G.

Over the past two decades, one of the standard models of protein folding has been the "two-state" model, in which a protein only resides in the folded or fully unfolded states with a single pathway between them. Recent advances in spatial and temporal resolution of biophysical measurements have revealed "beyond-two-state" complexity in protein folding, even for small, single-domain proteins. In this work, we used high-resolution optical tweezers to investigate the folding/unfolding kinetics of the B1 domain of immunoglobulin-binding protein G (GB1), a well-studied model system.

Improvement of in-situ gamma spectrometry methods by Monte-Carlo simulations.

Performing in-situ measurements of gamma radiation originating from soil requires adequate detection efficiency curves, which can be obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations. In simulations, soil density of 1.046 g/cm was used, with the following elemental composition of soil in which gamma radiation was generated: O - 47%, Si -35%, Al - 8%, Fe - 3.

Monte Carlo simulation of beta particle-induced bremsstrahlung doses.

It is well known that protection from the external irradiation produced by beta emitters is simpler than the corresponding shielding of radioactive sources that emit gamma radiation. This is caused by the relatively strong absorption (i.e.

Transitioning Former Military Medics to Civilian Health Care Jobs: A Novel Pilot Program to Integrate Medics Into Ambulatory Care Teams for High-Risk Patients.

Despite their medical training, record of military service, and the unmet needs within the health care sector, numerous challenges face veterans who seek to leverage their health care skills for employment after leaving the military. Creative solutions are necessary to successfully leverage these skills into jobs for returning medics that also meet the needs of health care systems. To achieve this goal, we created a novel ambulatory care health technician position on the basis of existing literature and modeled after a program which incorporates former military medics in emergency departments.

Efficiency study of a big volume well type NaI(Tl) detector by point and voluminous sources and Monte-Carlo simulation.

The activity of environmental samples is usually measured by high resolution HPGe gamma spectrometers. In this work a set-up with a 9in.x9in.

Airborne radioiodine in northern Serbia from Fukushima.

The results obtained with the monitoring system set up to assess the impact of the Fukushima accident on the environment of Vojvodina (Northern Province of Serbia) are presented and discussed. Aerosol, rain, fresh milk and spinach samples were collected daily in the weeks following the accident. In the aerosol samples, (131)I activity concentrations of several mBq m(-3) were measured, while in rain, milk and spinach samples, (131)I levels had values in a range of (0.

Correlations of natural radionuclides in soil with those in sediment from the Danube and nearby irrigation channels.

The correlation between activity concentrations of some natural radionuclides ((238)U, (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K) measured in soil and in sediment taken from the Danube River and nearby irrigation channels was studied. The soil samples were collected from the northern part of Serbia and the sediment from the Serbian part of the Danube River and from the surrounding irrigation channels. The correlation between (238)U and other natural radionuclides in irrigation channel sediments was not as good as in the Danube.

Airborne radionuclides in mosses collected at different latitudes.

Terrestrial mosses are a promising medium for investigation and monitoring of airborne radionuclide depositions due to their widespread occurrence, ease of sampling, and the possibility of high-resolution gamma spectrometry measurements without preparatory chemical treatment of samples. The overall objective of the present study was to compare (7)Be, (210)Pb and (137)Cs activity concentrations (in Bq/kg) in moss samples collected at two different climate zones: the south of Thailand (7 °N) and in Serbia (∼45 °N) in order to examine deposition of airborne radionuclide in these distant areas. Significant difference of the (210)Pb content (almost a factor of 2) in mosses was observed.

Temporal variations of 7Be, 210Pb and 137Cs in moss samples over 14 month period.

Concentrations of (210)Pb, (7)Be and (137)Cs in moss samples were continuously measured, using low-background HPGe spectrometer at Novi Sad, Serbia (45 degrees 14'45''N, 19 degrees 51'35''E). Weekly data collected over 14 month period from January 2007 to March 2008 are presented and discussed. Measured values of (7)Be activity concentrations in dry moss samples are ranged from 201 to 920 Bq/kg showing prominent increase in summer and autumn season.

Search for TENORM in the Tisza River sediment.

Sediment samples from the Tisza River in Serbia were investigated for possible TENORM pollutants. The radionuclide content of the samples was determined by means of low-level high-resolution gamma-spectroscopy. In addition to the members of the natural radioactive chains of (238)U and (232)Th and the natural (40)K, Chernobyl origin (137)Cs was detected in 26 of the 28 samples tested.

Indoor radon in rural dwellings of the South-Pannonian region.

The results of indoor radon survey in the South-Pannonian Province Vojvodina (Serbia and Montenegro) are presented. The sampling strategy was oriented towards suburban and urban regions in the Province. For the dwellings typical for such regions the geometric mean annual radon activity concentration of 76.

Radioactivity of the Bega sediment-case study of a contaminated canal.

The Bega canal is one among many heavily polluted canals in Vojvodina (the northern province of Serbia and Montenegro). In the framework of the revitalization of this canal, the radionuclide content of the sediment was investigated in order to support the safe deposition after excavation. It was found that, in comparison with the Danube sediment and Vojvodina soil, the Bega sediment is contaminated with (238)U and (137)Cs.