Vaccine patterns among older adults with Guillain-Barré syndrome and matched comparators, 2006-2019.

Background: Some vaccines have a small risk of triggering Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an autoimmune disorder where nerve damage leads to paralysis. There is a CDC precaution for patients whose GBS was associated with an influenza or tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine (GBS occurring within 42 days following vaccination).

Methods: We described vaccine patterns before and after a GBS diagnosis with a matched cohort design in a 20% random sample of fee-for-service Medicare enrollees.

Assessing the safety and efficacy of prescribing psychologists in New Mexico and Louisiana.

This study aimed to compare patient outcomes between prescribing psychologists, psychiatrists, and primary care physicians (PCPs). Private insurance claims (2005-2021; = 307,478) were used to conduct an active comparator, new user longitudinal cohort study developed using target trial emulation. Inverse propensity for treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences in a range of sociodemographic, clinical, and contextual patient factors.

Facilitators and Barriers to Shared Decision-Making Communication Between Latina Mothers and Pediatric Mental Healthcare Providers.

This study assessed communication factors influencing shared decision-making (SDM) between language-congruent clinicians and Latina mothers of pediatric mental health patients. The sample comprised Latinx youth up to 22 years old who were enrolled in mental healthcare and attended mental health-related sessions with their parent. One hundred transcripts depicting mental health visits were coded using the Conversation Analysis framework.

Improving young patient - practitioner communication about sexual health during medical visits.

Objectives: Young people face barriers that lead to gaps in sexual and reproductive health care communications. Issues such as discomfort discussing sexual health lead to inadequate delivery of services resulting in unintended pregnancies and STIs. Closing this communication gap between patients and health care practitioners would improve communication and health outcomes.

A pre-visit video/question prompt list intervention to increase youth question-asking about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during pediatric visits.

Objective: To conduct a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of an ADHD question prompt list with video intervention to increase youth question-asking and provider education about ADHD during visits.

Methods: English-speaking youth ages 11-17 with ADHD and their caregivers were enrolled from two pediatric clinics. Youth were randomized to intervention or usual care groups.

Intervention to promote adolescents' communication and engagement in diabetes clinic encounters: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To conduct a pilot randomized trial of an intervention to improve adolescent question-asking and provider education during paediatric diabetes visits.

Methods: Adolescents aged 11 to 17 with type 1 diabetes and their parents were enrolled from two urban tertiary paediatric clinics. Adolescents were randomised to the intervention group or control group.

Optimal P2Y inhibitor durations in older men and older women following an acute myocardial infarction: A nationwide cohort study using Medicare data.

Study Objective: Identify optimal P2Y inhibitor durations balancing ischemic-benefit and bleeding-risk outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in older men and women.

Design: Observational retrospective cohort with 2 years of follow-up, using clone-censor-weight marginal structural models to emulate randomization.

Setting: 20 % sample of US Medicare administrative claims data.

Provision of Patient Care Services and Goals for Expansion in Community and Ambulatory Care Pharmacies in Southeastern North Carolina.

In February 2022, the North Carolina legislature expanded pharmacist dispensing authority without a prescription. We conducted a cross-sectional interview of currently licensed pharmacy managers of outpatient pharmacies located in five counties in southeastern North Carolina. Pharmacy managers were eligible to participate if their pharmacy was either a community pharmacy, clinic-based pharmacy, or outpatient health system pharmacy.

Adolescents, parents, and providers' experiences of triadic encounters in paediatric diabetes clinics: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes are a cohort whose self-management of their diabetes care often declines during adolescence which can lead to adverse health outcomes. Research indicates that providers find it challenging to engage adolescents in communication exchanges during triadic encounters in diabetes clinics. Our study aimed to explore adolescents, parents, and providers' experiences of clinic encounters.

Older people, medication usage and long-term care pharmacists: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the impact of the presence of a pharmacist on medication usage in long-term care facilities.

Methods: The study followed a retrospective cohort design, with a sample of patients aged ≥65 years admitted to three long-term care facilities over 30 months. Data on age, gender, type of stay, the presence or absence of a pharmacist and pharmacotherapeutic profile at admission and discharge were obtained for study patients.

African American patient-provider communication about glaucoma vision quality-of-life.

Background/objectives: Little is known about African American patient-provider communication about glaucoma-related quality-of-life. The objectives of this study were to: (a) examine associations between patient socio-demographics and vision quality-of-life, (b) describe the extent to which eye care providers and patients discuss glaucoma-related quality-of-life, and (c) examine associations between patient and provider characteristics, whether the patient was in the intervention or usual care group, and whether the patient and provider discuss one or more glaucoma-related quality-of-life domains.

Methods: Adult African American patients with glaucoma who reported non-adherence to glaucoma medications were enrolled from three sites.

Impact of Hurricane Matthew on a Cohort of Adolescents With Asthma in North Carolina.

Objective: The aim of this study was to look at a cohort of adolescents who were already enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to see (1) how demographics were associated with hurricane impact, and (2) how hurricane impact was associated with reported asthma quality of life.

Methods: One hundred fifty-one adolescents ages 11-17 and their parents enrolled in a randomized controlled trial at 2 sites in southeastern North Carolina completed questions about asthma quality of life, demographics, and the impact of Hurricane Matthew.

Results: The most common effects of Hurricane Matthew were that the family's home was damaged or flooded (32.

Do African American patients with glaucoma ask their eye providers the questions they have?

Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe what questions patients checked on a glaucoma question prompt list and how often patients asked the same checked questions during medical visits.

Design: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of a pre-visit video/glaucoma question prompt list intervention to increase African American patient question-asking during medical visits.

Methods: Adult African American patients with glaucoma and a history of non-adherence to glaucoma medications were enrolled and randomized into intervention and usual care groups from three glaucoma practices.

A Previsit Intervention's Influence on Glaucoma Topics Discussed between Black Patients and Providers.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to conduct a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a previsit glaucoma video/question prompt list intervention, and to examine the impact on how often providers educate Black patients about glaucoma and glaucoma medication topics during visits.

Design: A randomized controlled trial of a glaucoma question prompt list/video intervention.

Participants: Black patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma who are taking 1 or more glaucoma medications and report being nonadherent.

Co-designing a website with and for youth, so they can better manage their health.

Objective: To co-design a website aimed to empower youth to ask questions to encourage productive, meaningful conversations with their health care providers.

Methods: The research team recruited adolescent stakeholders (ages 11-17) through flyers distributed at local Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) locations, clinics, and school nurses. Eleven adolescents who had at least one chronic medical condition were selected as members of the two youth advisory boards.

Improving Black Patient Question-Asking and Provider Education During Glaucoma Visits.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to conduct a randomized, controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a previsit glaucoma video/question prompt list intervention to increase Black patient question-asking and provider education about glaucoma and glaucoma medications during visits.

Design: A randomized, controlled trial of a glaucoma question prompt list/video intervention.

Participants: Black patients with a glaucoma diagnosis who were currently taking 1 or more glaucoma medications and reported being nonadherent.

Provider use of a participatory decision-making style with African American patients with glaucoma.

Objective: To examine whether non-adherent African American patients with glaucoma who received a question prompt list and video intervention were more likely to be given treatment options, have their input included into treatment regimens, and rate their providers as using more of a participatory decision-making style.

Methods: African American patients with glaucoma taking one or more glaucoma medications and reported being non-adherent were randomized to a pre-visit video and glaucoma question prompt list intervention or usual care.

Results: 189 African American patients with glaucoma participated.

Acceptance of a Pre-visit Intervention to Engage African American Glaucoma Patients during Visits.

Significance: The glaucoma question prompt list/video intervention was well received by patients. Eighty-seven percent of patients recommended that other patients should watch the educational video before their visits, and 89% said that other patients should complete the question prompt list before visits.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to (a) describe patient feedback on a glaucoma question prompt list/video intervention designed to motivate African American patients to be more engaged during visits and (b) examine patient demographics associated with acceptance of the intervention.

Long-term care professionals' views on pharmacists: a qualitative study using Role Theory.

Background: Qualitative research investigating pharmacists' participation in Long-Term Care (LTC) within interdisciplinary teams is scarce.

Aim: To characterize how pharmacists' participation in a national network of LTC is perceived by healthcare professionals and other key stakeholders.

Method: Individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews of participants (nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and LTC researchers) enrolled purposively or through snowballing sampling techniques, with the final sample being comprised of fourteen participants.

Encouraging adolescents' participation during paediatric diabetes clinic visits: Design and development of a question prompt list intervention.

Aims: To investigate adolescents' communication with healthcare providers (HCPs) and co- design a question prompt list as one part of an intervention to increase patient participation and communication at diabetes clinic visits.

Methods: Using an adolescent-led co-design approach we conducted interviews and focus groups with adolescents, parents, and healthcare providers (HCPs) and held workshops with both a Youth Advisory Group (YAG) and a Parent Advisory Group (PAG).

Results: Adolescents and parents identified challenges categorised into four themes: negative experience communicating with HCPs, lacking patient education leading to disinterest, low self-confidence out of fear of being wrong and forgetting to ask question(s).

Adolescent asthma management self-efficacy and responsibility: impact on asthma control and quality-of-life.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which adolescent asthma management self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and asthma responsibility were associated with asthma control and quality-of-life. Adolescent self-efficacy and outcome expectations are important components of social cognitive theory, which guided this research.

Methods: English- and Spanish-speaking adolescents ages 11-17 with persistent asthma were recruited at four pediatric clinics.

Prescribing-Assessment Tools for Long-Term Care Pharmacy Practice: Reaching Consensus through a Modified RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.

Medicines are the most used health technology in Long-Term Care. The prevalence of potentially inappropriate medicines amongst Long-Term Care patients is high. Pharmacists, assisted by prescribing-assessment tools, can play an important role in optimizing medication use at this level of care.

Disparities by sex in P2Y inhibitor therapy duration, or differences in the balance of ischaemic-benefit and bleeding-risk clinical outcomes in older women versus comparable men following acute myocardial infarction? A P2Y inhibitor new user retrospective cohort analysis of US Medicare claims data.

Objectives: To determine if comparable older women and men received different durations of P2Y inhibitor therapy following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and if therapy duration differences were justified by differences in ischaemic benefits and/or bleeding risks.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: 20% sample of 2007-2015 US Medicare fee-for-service administrative claims data.