Deciphering the Role of miR-30a-5p and DLGAP1 Gene in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the deadliest form of cancer worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of lung cancer development is vital for targeted therapy advancements. This article explores the little-known role of the guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP), encoded by the Disks large-associated protein 1 (DLGAP1) gene, in NSCLC along with assessing microRNA-30a-5p's influence on DLGAP1 gene expression in the A549 cell line.

The Role of Quorum Sensing Molecules in Bacterial-Plant Interactions.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a system of communication of bacterial cells by means of chemical signals called autoinducers, which modulate the behavior of entire populations of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Three classes of signaling molecules have been recognized, Al-1, Al-2, Al-3, whose functions are slightly different. However, the phenomenon of quorum sensing is not only concerned with the interactions between bacteria, but the whole spectrum of interspecies interactions.

Starch parameters and short-term temperature fluctuations - Important but not yet in focus?

Plants are regularly challenged by unfavorable environmental conditions. As climate change continues, adverse situations such as drought, heat, and cold are expected to increase and become more severe. Most starchy crops are affected by such stresses.

Effect of Short-Term Cold Treatment on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Potato Leaves.

Plants are often challenged by an array of unfavorable environmental conditions. During cold exposure, many changes occur that include, for example, the stabilization of cell membranes, alterations in gene expression and enzyme activities, as well as the accumulation of metabolites. In the presented study, the carbohydrate metabolism was analyzed in the very early response of plants to a low temperature (2 °C) in the leaves of 5-week-old potato plants of the Russet Burbank cultivar during the first 12 h of cold treatment (2 h dark and 10 h light).

Proline Concentration and Its Metabolism Are Regulated in a Leaf Age Dependent Manner But Not by Abscisic Acid in Pea Plants Exposed to Cadmium Stress.

The accumulation of proline is one of the defense mechanisms of plants against the harmful effects of adverse environmental conditions; however, when pea plants were treated for 12 h with CdCl, the proline concentration decreased in the youngest A (not expanded) and B1 (expanded) leaves, and did not change significantly in the B2 (mature, expanded) or C (the oldest) leaves. After 24 h of cadmium (Cd) stress, the proline concentration remained low in A and B1 leaves, while in B2 and C leaves, it increased, and after 48 h, an increase in the proline concentration in the leaves at each stage of development was observed. The role of proline in the different phases of plant response to the Cd treatment is discussed.

Starch and Glycogen Analyses: Methods and Techniques.

For complex carbohydrates, such as glycogen and starch, various analytical methods and techniques exist allowing the detailed characterization of these storage carbohydrates. In this article, we give a brief overview of the most frequently used methods, techniques, and results. Furthermore, we give insights in the isolation, purification, and fragmentation of both starch and glycogen.

Identification of Two Arabidopsis thaliana Plasma Membrane Transporters Able to Transport Glucose 1-Phosphate.

Primary carbohydrate metabolism in plants includes several sugar and sugar-derivative transport processes. Over recent years, evidences have shown that in starch-related transport processes, in addition to glucose 6-phosphate, maltose, glucose and triose-phosphates, glucose 1-phosphate also plays a role and thereby increases the possible fluxes of sugar metabolites in planta. In this study, we report the characterization of two highly similar transporters, At1g34020 and At4g09810, in Arabidopsis thaliana, which allow the import of glucose 1-phosphate through the plasma membrane.

Oviposition by the vagrant eriophyoid mite Aculops allotrichus on leaves of black locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia.

Leaf-dwelling mites often prefer to feed on young leaves and also are more likely to inhabit the abaxial leaf side. The aim of our study was to examine whether leaf age may affect production and distribution of eggs on black locust leaves by females of Aculops allotrichus. The eriophyoids were tested for 2.

Structural and functional characterization of the triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.) phytocystatin TrcC-8 and its dimerization-dependent inhibitory activity.

Phytocystatins are a group of proteins with significant potential to regulate activities of cysteine proteinases of native and pest/pathogen origins. The two-domain triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.) phytocystatin TrcC-8 was characterized in this study.

Proteomic analysis of S-nitrosylated and S-glutathionylated proteins in wheat seedlings with different dehydration tolerances.

A loss of dehydration tolerance in wheat seedlings on the fifth day following imbibition is associated with a disturbance in cellular redox homeostasis, as documented by a shift of the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio to a more oxidized state and a significant increase in the ratio of protein thiols to the total thiol group content. Therefore, the identification and characterization of redox-sensitive proteins are important steps toward understanding the molecular mechanisms of the loss of dehydration tolerance. In the present study, proteins that were differentially expressed between fully turgid (control), dehydrated tolerant (four-day-old) and dehydrated sensitive (six-day-old) wheat seedlings were analysed.

Modification of the endogenous NO level influences apple embryos dormancy by alterations of nitrated and biotinylated protein patterns.

NO donors and Arg remove dormancy of apple embryos and stimulate germination. Compounds lowering NO level (cPTIO, L -NAME, CAN) strengthen dormancy. Embryo transition from dormancy state to germination is linked to increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity.

Starch phosphorylation: insights and perspectives.

During starch metabolism, the phosphorylation of glucosyl residues of starch, to be more precise of amylopectin, is a repeatedly observed process. This phosphorylation is mediated by dikinases, the glucan, water dikinase (GWD) and the phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD). The starch-related dikinases utilize ATP as dual phosphate donor transferring the terminal γ-phosphate group to water and the β-phosphate group selectively to either C6 position or C3 position of a glucosyl residue within amylopectin.

Reduction of the plastidial phosphorylase in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) reveals impact on storage starch structure during growth at low temperature.

Tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), one of the most important crops, are a prominent example for an efficient production of storage starch. Nevertheless, the synthesis of this storage starch is not completely understood.

Analysis of expression and inhibitory activity of a TrcC-6 phytocystatin present in developing and germinating seeds of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.).

Storage proteins of cereal seeds are processed during accumulation and degraded during germination primarily by cysteine proteinases. One of the mechanisms controlling the activity of these enzymes is the synthesis of specific inhibitors named phytocystatins. Here we present the complete gene sequence of a triticale ( × Triticosecale Wittm.

A triticale water-deficit-inducible phytocystatin inhibits endogenous cysteine proteinases in vitro.

Water-deficit is accompanied by an increase in proteolysis. Phytocystatins are plant inhibitors of cysteine proteinases that belong to the papain and legumain family. A cDNA encoding the protein inhibitor TrcC-8 was identified in the vegetative organs of triticale.

A novel, simple, and sensitive colorimetric method to determine aromatic amino acid aminotransferase activity using the Salkowski reagent.

This study describes the development of a new colorimetric assay to determine aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (ArAT) activity. The assay is based on the transamination of L-tryptophan in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate, which yields indole-3-pyruvate (IPyA). The amount of IPyA formed was quantified by reaction with the Salkowski reagent.

Starch metabolism in leaves.

Starch is the most abundant storage carbohydrate produced in plants. The initiation of transitory starch synthesis and degradation in plastids depends mainly on diurnal cycle, post-translational regulation of enzyme activity and starch phosphorylation. For the proper structure of starch granule the activities of all starch synthase isoenzymes, branching enzymes and debranching enzymes are needed.

[New look at starch degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana L. chloroplasts].

Transitory starch is accumulated during the day and is the main source of energy for the cell metabolism during the night. The observed periodical starch degradation has become a model often used by scientist in their experiments. Starch granule degradation could be divided into 2 periods: initiation of degradation and digestion of amylopectin and amylose into maltooligosaccharide and their derivative.