The Kids Pain Collaborative: A Hybrid Type 3 Implementation Effectiveness Study Transforming Paediatric Pain Care in the Emergency Department.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a participatory, action-oriented implementation study, guided by the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, for optimising pain care processes in a tertiary paediatric emergency department.

Design: Hybrid type 3 implementation effectiveness.

Methods: A collaborative appraisal of the context and culture of pain care informed two interdependent action cycles: Enabling nurse-initiated analgesia and involving families in pain care.

Bifunctional Metal-Organic Nanoballs Featuring Lewis Acidic and Basic Sites as a New Platform for One-Pot Tandem Catalysis.

The design and synthesis of polyhedra using coordination-driven self-assembly has been an intriguing research area for synthetic chemists. Metal-organic polyhedra are a class of intricate molecular architectures that have garnered significant attention in the literature due to their diverse structures and potential applications. Hereby, we report Cu-MOP, a bifunctional metal-organic cuboctahedra built using 2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and copper acetate at room temperature.

Bridging the gender gap in autoimmunity with T-cell-targeted biomaterials.

Autoimmune diseases are caused by malfunctions of the immune system and generally impact women at twice the frequency of men. Many of the most serious autoimmune diseases are accompanied by a dysregulation of T-cell phenotype, both regarding the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T-cells and proinflammatory versus regulatory phenotypes. Biomaterials, in the form of particles and hydrogels, have shown promise in ameliorating this dysregulation both in vivo and ex vivo.

Tropoelastin Improves Post-Infarct Cardiac Function.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Following MI, necrotic cardiomyocytes are replaced by a stiff collagen-rich scar. Compared to collagen, the extracellular matrix protein elastin has high elasticity and may have more favorable properties within the cardiac scar.

Review article: Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion in adult patients with difficult intravenous access: A systematic review of assessment instruments, clinical practice guidelines and escalation pathways.

The optimal approach for peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion in adult hospitalised patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA) is unknown. The present study aimed to critically appraise the quality of (i) assessment instruments and (ii) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) or escalation pathways for identifying and managing patients with DIVA. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCO MEDLINE, EMBASE (OVID) and EBSCO CINAHL databases were searched on 22 March 2021.

Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion and use of ultrasound in patients with difficult intravenous access: Australian patient and practitioner perspectives to inform future implementation strategies.

Objective: To understand healthcare worker and patient experience with peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion in patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA) including the use of ultrasound (US).

Methods: Descriptive study using 1-on-1 semi-structured interviews conducted between August 2020 and January 2021. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit healthcare practitioners (HCPs) and patients with DIVA who had PIVC experience.

Forearmed is forewarned: A prospective intervention observational time-series study of patient empowerment for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous access.

Objective: Ultrasound (US) is a valuable adjunct to improve the success rates of difficult peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) insertions but is usually clinician initiated. The present study assessed for any change in clinician practice resulting from interventions aimed at empowering patients to advocate for early use of US if they self-identified as having difficult PIVC access.

Methods: This was a prospective observational time-series study using a rapid quality improvement (RQI) framework.

Patient blood management in critically ill children undergoing cardiac surgery: A cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to audit current patient blood management practice in children throughout cardiac surgery and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission.

Design: This was a prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: This was a single-centre study in the cardiac operating room (OR) and PICU in a major tertiary children's hospital in Australia.

Evaluating the Impact of Central Venous Catheter Materials and Design on Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Thrombosis is a common complication associated with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Several antithrombogenic materials and alterations to catheter design have been developed to lower thrombosis rates.

Aim: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of antithrombogenic materials and alterations to CVC design on thrombosis rates.

The bee sting that was not: an unusual case of hymenoptera anaphylaxis averted in a patient treated with omalizumab for asthma.

This paper presents a case of hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis averted by omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody to IgE antibody. This case suggests a novel and unintentional effect of this therapy. Currently omalizumab is only FDA approved for the treatment of moderate-persistent allergic asthma.

Tobacco Product Waste: An Environmental Approach to Reduce Tobacco Consumption.

Cigarette butts and other tobacco product wastes (TPW) are the most common items picked up in urban and beach cleanups worldwide. TPW contains all the toxins, nicotine, and carcinogens found in tobacco products, along with the plastic nonbiodegradable filter attached to almost all cigarettes sold in the United States and in most countries worldwide. Toxicity studies suggest that compounds leached from cigarette butts in salt and fresh water are toxic to aquatic micro-organisms and test fish.

Toxicity of cigarette butts, and their chemical components, to marine and freshwater fish.

Background: Cigarette butts are the most common form of litter, as an estimated 4.5 trillion cigarette butts are thrown away every year worldwide. Many chemical products are used during the course of growing tobacco and manufacturing cigarettes, the residues of which may be found in cigarettes prepared for consumption.

Pharmacological inhibition of sphingosine kinase isoforms alters estrogen receptor signaling in human breast cancer.

Recently, crosstalk between sphingolipid signaling pathways and steroid hormones has been illuminated as a possible therapeutic target. Sphingosine kinase (SK), the key enzyme metabolizing pro-apoptotic ceramide to pro-survival sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is a promising therapeutic target for solid tumor cancers. In this study, we examined the ability of pharmacological inhibition of S1P formation to block estrogen signaling as a targeted breast cancer therapy.

Targeting NFĸB mediated breast cancer chemoresistance through selective inhibition of sphingosine kinase-2.

Resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant obstacle in the treatment of hormone- independent breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that altered sphingolipid signaling through increased sphingosine kinase activity may be an important mediator of breast cancer drug resistance. Sphingosine kinase-1 (Sphk1) is a proposed key regulator of breast cancer tumorigenesis, proliferation and resistance.

Antiestrogenic effects of the novel sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor ABC294640.

Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism have been shown to contribute to the development of endocrine resistance and breast cancer tumor survival. Sphingosine kinase (SK), in particular, is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a promising target for breast cancer drug development. In this study, we used the novel SK inhibitor ABC294640 as a tool to explore the relationship between SK and estrogen (E2) receptor (ER) signaling in breast cancer cells.

Sociodemographic determinants of cancer treatment health literacy.

Background: Ethnic and racial disparities in cancer outcomes are often attributed to sociodemographic factors, including income, education, insurance status, and access to quality cancer care. Less attention has been directed toward other possible contributors, such as misconceptions about cancer and its treatment.

Methods: Nine hundred fifty-seven U.

The influence of food on the bioavailability of a twice-daily controlled release carbamazepine formulation.

Carbatrol, a new dosage form of carbamazepine (CBZ), was developed consisting of three different types of pellets (immediate release, controlled release, and enteric release). The objective of this study was to explore the influence of food on absorption of CBZ. This was a randomized, open-label, single-dose crossover study conducted in 12 healthy volunteers.

Determination of dihydroergotamine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

Dihydroergotamine, a 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist, is used for the treatment of vascular headaches. A high-performance liquid chromatography assay with fluorescence detection is described for the determination of dihydroergotamine in plasma. The assay was validated over the concentration range 0.

The influence of plasma butyrylcholinesterase concentration on the in vitro hydrolysis of cocaine in human plasma.

In humans, the plasma enzyme butyrylcholinesterase, BChE (EC 3.1.1.

Women's perceptions of their general health, with special reference to their risk of coronary artery disease: results of a national telephone survey.

Previous studies have found that both patients and physicians have misconceptions about women's risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted telephone interviews with a representative sample of 1002 American women, focusing on women's knowledge of their risk of heart disease, women's preventive health behaviors, and what preventive testing is being done by women's physicians. Seventy-four percent of all surveyed women rated themselves as fairly or very knowledgeable about women's health issues, yet 44% considered themselves somewhat or very unlikely to have a heart attack at some point in their lives.

Plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity and cocaine half-life differ significantly in rhesus and squirrel monkeys.

In vitro studies have implicated butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, E.C.3.

Cocaine and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE): determination of enzymatic parameters.

In humans, the plasma enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (E.C. 3.