Endoscopic Retrolabyrinthine Craniotomy for Exposure of the Trigeminal Nerve Root Entry Zone: Volumetric Analysis of Anatomic Exposure in the Cadaver.

Background And Objectives: Exposure of the root entry zone (REZ) of the trigeminal nerve (TN) for microvascular decompression is commonly obtained with a retrosigmoid approach, with or without endoscopic assistance. We hypothesized that adequate exposure of the TN REZ could be obtained through an endoscopic retrolabyrinthine (RL) approach. We aim to quantify exposure of the REZ of the TN using endoscopic RL approach, with and without drilling of the suprameatal tubercle of the internal auditory canal.

State rumination predicts inhibitory control failures and dysregulation of default, salience, and cognitive control networks in youth at risk of depressive relapse: Findings from the RuMeChange trial.

Background: Trait rumination is a habitual response to negative experiences that can emerge during adolescence, increasing risk of depression. Trait rumination is correlated with poor inhibitory control (IC) and altered default mode network (DMN) and cognitive control network (CCN) engagement. Provoking state rumination in high ruminating youth permits investigation of rumination and IC at the neural level, highlighting potential treatment targets.

Comparison of Surgeons' Assessment of the Extent of Vestibular Schwannoma Resection with Immediate Post Operative and Follow-Up Volumetric MRI Analysis.

(1) Background: Incomplete excision of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) is sometimes preferable for facial nerve preservation. On the other hand, subtotal resection may be associated with higher tumor recurrence. We evaluated the correlation between intra-operative assessment of residual tumor and early and follow-up imaging.

Endoscopic closure of the Eustachian tube orifice for refractory lateral skull base cerebrospinal fluid leak using autologous fat graft: illustrative case.

Background: Rhinorrhea due to lateral skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks can be a challenge to manage. Multiple strategies exist for treating CSF leaks in this region including direct repair, posterior Eustachian tube packing, and CSF diversion. Endonasal closure of the Eustachian tube has been reported using cerclage and mucosal flaps.

Safety and Efficacy of Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Facial Nerve Schwannoma.

Objective: In the current era of modern neurosurgery, the treatment strategies have been shifted to "nerve-preservation approaches" for achieving a higher facial and hearing function preservation rate following facial nerve tumors. We have conducted this novel report on determining the outcome of patients with facial nerve schwannomas (FNS) treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (hfSRS).

Patients: Retrospective chart review of a prospectively maintained database search was conducted.

The Role of Intra-Operative Duplex Ultrasonography Following Translabyrinthine Approach for Vestibular Schwannoma.

Objective: Sigmoid sinus (SS) stenosis is a complication of translabyrinthine approach. Velocity changes in the SS measured by intra-operative doppler ultrasound may help in identifying patients at risk for sinus occlusion.

Patients: SS velocity was measured using doppler ultrasound prior to opening dura and again prior to placement of the abdominal fat graft.

Predictors of hearing functional outcome following surgery for cerebellopontine angle meningioma.

Objective: Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas can affect hearing function and require expeditious treatment to prevent permanent hearing loss. The authors sought to determine the factors associated with functional hearing outcome in CPA meningioma patients treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy in the form of either stereotactic radiosurgery or stereotactic radiation therapy.

Methods: Consecutive patients with CPA meningiomas who had presented at our hospital from 2008 to 2018 were identified through retrospective chart review.

Safety of 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Auditory Brainstem Implants.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with auditory brainstem implants (ABI) with the magnet removed at implantation and report incidence of complications.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary neurotology ambulatory practice.

End-to-Trunk Masseteric to Facial Nerve Transfer With Selective Neurectomy for Facial Reanimation.

Objective: To examine functional outcomes following end-to-trunk masseteric to facial nerve transfer in patients with chronic flaccid facial paralysis.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary-care private practice setting.

Matched Cohort Analysis of the Effect of the Facial Recess Approach on Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak After Translabyrinthine Surgery for Schwannoma.

Objective: The facial recess approach during translabyrinthine surgery has been used to expose the eustachian tube (ET) for packing. We sought to determine the effect of this technique on the development of postoperative nasopharyngeal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.

Patients: Cohorts of patients with cerebellopontine angle schwannomas who underwent a facial recess approach or no facial recess approach were matched based on tumor size.

Clinical Significance of Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Ischemia After Translabyrinthine Vestibular Schwannoma Resection.

Objective: To assess clinical symptoms, signs, and radiographic evolution of middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) diffusion restriction (DR) abnormalities following vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection.

Study Design: Retrospective chart and imaging review.

Setting: Tertiary-referral neurotology and neurosurgery practice.

Auditory Brainstem Implant in Adult Patient With Cochlear Ossification From Otosclerosis.

Objective: The objective is to describe auditory brainstem implantation in a case of extensive cochlear otosclerosis.

Patient, Intervention, And Results: A case is presented of a 65-year-old male with bilateral cochlear otosclerosis and profound sensorineural hearing loss. Imaging studies showed distorted cochlear anatomy bilaterally and ossification of cochlear ducts.

Facial nerve management in patients with malignant skull base tumors.

Introduction: The course of the facial nerve through the cerebellopontine angle, temporal bone, and parotid gland puts the nerve at risk in cases of malignancy. In contrast to Bell's palsy, which presents with acute facial paralysis, malignancies cause gradual or fluctuating weakness.

Methods: We review malignancies affecting the facial nerve, including those involving the temporal bone, parotid gland, and cerebellopontine angle, in addition to metastatic disease.

Hypercoagulability in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery.

Objective: Patients with vestibular schwannoma who harbor a genetic predisposition for venous thromboembolism require special consideration when determining optimal therapeutic management. The primary objective of the current study was to provide recommendations on treatment of hypercoagulable patients with vestibular schwannoma through a case series and review of the literature.

Patients: Two patients who underwent resection of vestibular schwannomas.

Effect of Vestibular Schwannoma Size and Nerve of Origin on Posterior External Auditory Canal Sensation: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objective: Posterior external auditory canal (EAC) hypesthesia (Hitselberger's sign) has been previously described to occur in all vestibular schwannomas (1966) but has not been studied since. We hypothesized that sensory loss may be related to tumor size and sought to determine if this clinical sign could predict preoperative characteristics of vestibular schwannomas, intraoperative findings, and/or surgical outcomes.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

American Neurotology Society, American Otological Society, and American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Foundation Guide to Enhance Otologic and Neurotologic Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

: This combined American Neurotology Society, American Otological Society, and American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation document aims to provide guidance during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) on 1) "priority" of care for otologic and neurotologic patients in the office and operating room, and 2) optimal utilization of personal protective equipment. Given the paucity of evidence to inform otologic and neurotologic best practices during COVID-19, the recommendations herein are based on relevant peer-reviewed articles, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 guidelines, United States and international hospital policies, and expert opinion. The suggestions presented here are not meant to be definitive, and best practices will undoubtedly change with increasing knowledge and high-quality data related to COVID-19.

An extended release ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone hydrogel for otitis media.

Objective: Otitis media and associated otorrhea are frequent complications following tympanostomy tube insertion; the most common otologic procedure performed in children in the United States. Current treatments include the administration of antibiotic or antibiotic/anti-inflammatory combination drops to the affected ear. Several studies have demonstrated that using an antibiotic/anti-inflammatory combination product is more effective than the use of antibiotics alone.

Effect of Anatomic Segment Involvement on Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Facial Nerve Schwannomas: An International Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Facial nerve schwannomas are rare, challenging tumors to manage due to their nerve of origin. Functional outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are incompletely defined.

Objective: To analyze the effect of facial nerve segment involvement on functional outcome for these tumors.

Options and strategies for hearing restoration in pediatric neurofibromatosis type 2.

Purpose: In this article, we will review the mechanisms and natural history of hearing loss in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and discuss the hearing outcomes with different rehabilitation options.

Methods: Review of the published literature.

Results: NF2 is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by vestibular schwannomas and other intracranial and spinal tumors.

Sensitivity of High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Otosclerosis Patients undergoing Primary Stapedotomy.

Objective: To determine the incidence of abnormal otospongiotic or otosclerotic findings on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as read by local radiologists in patients with surgically-confirmed otosclerosis.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary-referral private otology-neurotology practice.

Next-Day Loading of a Bone-Anchored Hearing System: Preliminary Results.

Objectives: To demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy for next-day loading of a percutaneous bone-anchored hearing device.

Study Design: Multicenter prospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary neurotologic referral centers.

Failure to close the gap: Concomitant superior canal dehiscence in otosclerosis patients.

Objective: Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) causing conductive hearing loss with present reflexes is a known reason for stapes surgery failure. However, concomitant SSCD and otosclerosis occur rarely. We present a case series of SSCD diagnosed in positively identified otosclerosis patients.