Endocrine dysfunction in long-term survivors of pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma.

Objective: Survivors of pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) are at risk of developing endocrinopathies following local treatment, resulting from radiation damage to the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, or thyroid gland, often at a young age. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction in long-term HNRMS survivors and compare the prevalence of anterior pituitary insufficiency (API) among different local treatment strategies: external beam radiation with photons, external beam radiation with protons, microscopically radical surgery combined with external irradiation, and macroscopic radical surgery combined with brachytherapy.

Design And Methods: Head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma survivors treated between 1993 and 2017, with ≥2 years of follow-up, without recurrent disease or secondary malignancy were eligible for this study.

3-Thio-3,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles: high affinity somatostatin receptor-4 agonist synthesis and structure-activity relationships.

Somatostatin receptor-4 (SST) is a therapeutic target for several conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, seizures, neuropsychiatric disorders, and pain. Our previous work on 1,2,4-triazole derivatives led to enhanced SST binding affinity, selectivity, and functional activity. Herein we report the discovery of 3-thio-1,2,4-triazole series as selective and high affinity SST agonists.

Chemical Immobilization Effects on Cougar (Felis concolor) Movement.

Capturing and handling wildlife is a common practice for both management and research. As telemetry use has become common, the need to capture and chemically immobilize wildlife has increased. Understanding how long the effects of immobilizing agents last after releasing the animal is often poorly understood but needed to ensure that analyses use data that reflect natural behavior.

Facial deformation following treatment for pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma; the difference between treatment modalities. Results of a trans-Atlantic, multicenter cross-sectional cohort study.

Background: The four different local therapy strategies used for head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) include proton therapy (PT), photon therapy (RT), surgery with radiotherapy (Paris-method), and surgery with brachytherapy (AMORE). Local control and survival is comparable; however, the impact of these different treatments on facial deformation is still poorly understood. This study aims to quantify facial deformation and investigates the differences in facial deformation between treatment modalities.

Developments in the Surgical Approach to Staging and Resection of Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Although survival after rhabdosarcoma treatment has improved over the years, one third of patients still develop locoregional relapse. This review aims to highlight developments pertaining to staging and local treatment of specific RMS tumor sites, including head and neck, chest/trunk, bladder-prostate, female genito-urinary, perianal, and extremity sites.

A National Referral Service for Paediatric Brachytherapy: An Evolving Practice and Outcomes Over 13 Years.

Aims: Most children requiring radiotherapy receive external beam treatment and few have tumours suitable for brachytherapy. No paediatric radiotherapy centre will treat enough patients from its own normal catchment population for expertise in brachytherapy to be developed and sustained. Following discussion and agreement in the national paediatric radiotherapy group, a service for paediatric brachytherapy in the UK has been developed.

A nationwide evaluation of bevacizumab-based treatments in pediatric low-grade glioma in the UK: Safety, efficacy, visual morbidity, and outcomes.

Background: Bevacizumab is increasingly used in children with pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) despite limited evidence. A nationwide UK service evaluation was conducted to provide larger cohort "real life" safety and efficacy data including functional visual outcomes.

Methods: Children receiving bevacizumab-based treatments (BBT) for PLGG (2009-2020) from 11 centers were included.

Patient-reported outcomes in childhood head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma survivors and their relation to physician-graded adverse events-A multicenter study using the FACE-Q Craniofacial module.

Introduction: Adverse events (AE) of treatment are prevalent and diverse in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) survivors. These AEs are often reported by physicians; however, patients' perceptions of specific AE are not well known. In this study, we explored patient-reported outcomes measuring appearance, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and facial function in HNRMS survivors.

Lineage switching of the cellular distribution of BRAFV600E in multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Most children with high-risk Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have BRAFV600E mutation. BRAFV600E alleles are detectable in myeloid mononuclear cells at diagnosis but it is not known if the cellular distribution of mutation evolves over time. Here, the profiles of 16 patients with high-risk disease were analyzed.

Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Head of a Boreal Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Alberta, Canada.

An emaciated, 14-yr-old female boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) was found dead with an ulcerated wound on the left side of the head. Radiographs documented osteolysis of portions of the mandible and cranium. Histopathology revealed an invasive adenocarcinoma infiltrating the soft tissues and bones of the head.

Development of a Simple and Effective Lipid-A Antagonist Based on Computational Prediction.

Sepsis is a serious medical condition characterized by bacterial infection and a subsequent massive systemic inflammatory response. In an effort to identify compounds that block lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation reported herein is the development of simple Lipid-A analogues that lack a disaccharide core yet still possess potent antagonistic activity against LPS. The structure of the new lead compound was developed based on predictive computational experiments.

Ameloblastic Fibro-Odontoma in a Free-Ranging Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis), Alberta, Canada.

An adult female Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) was euthanized because of a large mandibular mass. Histopathology revealed an ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, a rare odontogenic neoplasia.

Bladder function after conservative surgery and high-dose rate brachytherapy for bladder-prostate rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Conservative surgery (CS) brachytherapy (BT) techniques for local therapy in bladder-prostate rhabdomyosarcoma (BP-RMS) seek to retain organ function. We report bladder function after high-dose rate (HDR) BT combined with targeted CS for any vesical component of BP-RMS.

Procedure: Prospective cohort of all BP-RMS patients between 2014 and 2019 receiving HDR-BT (iridium-192, 27.

Localised rhabdomyosarcoma in infants (<12 months) and young children (12-36 months of age) treated on the EpSSG RMS 2005 study.

Background: Infants (<12 months) with rhabdomyosarcoma have historically had poorer outcome than the older age groups. We present outcomes for infants and young children aged 12-36 months with localised rhabdomyosarcoma with a particular emphasis on infants.

Patients And Methods: All children less than 36 months of age enrolled on the EpSSG RMS 2005 study for localised disease are included.

Congenital rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group.

Procedure: Congenital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents a challenging disease due to its characteristics and the difficulties in delivering treatment in this immature population.

Methods: We analyzed treatment and outcome of patients with congenital RMS, defined as tumor diagnosed in the first 2 months of life, enrolled in the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group protocols.

Results: Twenty-four patients with congenital RMS were registered.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles: high affinity and selective somatostatin receptor-4 agonists for Alzheimer's disease treatment.

Somatostatin receptor-4 (SST) is highly expressed in brain regions affiliated with learning and memory. SST agonist treatment may act to mitigate Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. An integrated approach to SST agonist lead optimization is presented herein.

Magnetic resonance features and cranial nerve involvement in pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas.

Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumor frequent in children. The frequency and characteristics of cranial nerve involvement in pediatric head and neck (H&N) RMS have been scarcely reported. The aim of this study is to review a large cohort of pediatric head and neck RMS with an emphasis on cranial nerve involvement.

Parents' responses to prognostic disclosure at diagnosis of a child with a high-risk brain tumor: Analysis of clinician-parent interactions and implications for clinical practice.

Background: Previous studies have found that parents of children with cancer desire more prognostic information than is often given even when prognosis is poor. We explored in audio-recorded consultations the kinds of information they seek.

Methods: Ethnographic study including observation and audio recording of consultations at diagnosis.

Decoding Protein-protein Interactions: An Overview.

Drug discovery has focused on the paradigm "one drug, one target" for a long time. However, small molecules can act at multiple macromolecular targets, which serves as the basis for drug repurposing. In an effort to expand the target space, and given advances in X-ray crystallography, protein-protein interactions have become an emerging focus area of drug discovery enterprises.