French Recommendations for Sugar Intake in Adults: A Novel Approach Chosen by ANSES.

This article presents a systematic review of the scientific evidence linking sugar consumption and health in the adult population performed by a group of experts, mandated by the French Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement, et du travail (ANSES). A literature search was performed by crossing search terms for overweight/obesity, diabetes/insulin resistance, dyslipidemia/cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and uric acid concentrations on one hand and for intake of sugars on the other. Controlled mechanistic studies, prospective cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials were extracted and assessed.

Skin collagen pentosidine and fluorescence in diabetes were predictors of retinopathy progression and creatininemia increase already 6years after punch-biopsy.

Objective: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) of collagens appear to contribute to microvascular complications in diabetes. Do high concentrations of AGEs in skin collagen predict accelerated progression of these complications after 6 years and indicate the need for tighter anti-diabetic treatment?

Design And Methods: We measured two AGE parameters in collagen extracted from skin punch-biopsies: pentosidine and fluorescence at 370/440nm, as markers and predictors of microvascular complications, in 30 patients with diabetes (14 type-1, 16 type-2) without renal insufficiency, and in age- and gender-matched normoglycemic controls, followed at Hôtel-Dieu in Paris.

Results: At the time of biopsy, marked increases in pentosidine (p=0.

Erratum to: Review of the nutritional benefits and risks related to intense sweeteners.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13690-015-0092-x.].

Pathophysiology of hypertension: interactions between macro and microvascular alterations through endothelial dysfunction.

Hypertension is a multifactorial systemic chronic disorder through functional and structural macrovascular and microvascular alterations. Macrovascular alterations are featured by arterial stiffening, disturbed wave reflection and altered central to peripheral pulse pressure amplification. Microvascular alterations, including altered wall-to-lumen ratio of larger arterioles, vasomotor tone abnormalities and network rarefaction, lead to disturbed tissue perfusion and susceptibility to ischemia.

Ambulatory 24-hour fast using flexible insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: Prolonged fasting may be necessary in life for religious, medical and other reasons. For this reason, our study investigated the feasibility and safety of a 24-h fast conducted at home for patients with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Thirty-four patients with type 1 diabetes performed a 24-h complete fast at home.

Therapeutic alliance and glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes: a pilot study.

Aim: Effective diabetes care requires integrating physicians' clinical expertise with patients' concerns and resources. This prospective study examined whether or not two measures of therapeutic alliance could predict glycaemic control after 1 year of follow-up in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Consecutive type 1 diabetic outpatients were recruited, and their age, gender, level of education, marital status and age at the time of diabetes diagnosis were self-reported.

Peak-time determination of post-meal glucose excursions in insulin-treated diabetic patients.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the optimal time to measure peak blood glucose values to find the best approach for self-monitoring blood glucose after a meal.

Design And Methods: For this retrospective analysis, 69 ambulatory continuous glucose-monitoring system (CGMS) profiles were obtained from 75 consecutive insulin-treated patients with diabetes. The parameters measured were the peak post-meal blood glucose values, peak time, and rates of increase and decrease to and from the zenith of the resulting curves.

Prevalence and predictive factors of sleep apnoea syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) in patients hospitalized for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Methods: An overnight ventilatory polygraphic study was systematically performed in 303 consecutive patients.

Results: Overall, 34% of these patients had mild SAS, as defined by a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of 5-15; 19% had moderate SAS (RDI: 16-29) and 10% had severe SAS (RDI>or=30).

Benefits of Ophdiat, a telemedical network to screen for diabetic retinopathy: a retrospective study in five reference hospital centres.

Aim: One objective of Ophdiat, a telemedical network using digital non-mydriatic cameras in Ile-de-France, is to develop a comprehensive screening programme that provides access to annual fundus examinations to all diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of this programme in a hospital setting.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 500 case reports of diabetic patients hospitalized before and after Ophdiat setup was performed in five reference hospital centres.

Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of CT-011, a humanized antibody interacting with PD-1, in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.

Purpose: CT-011 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that modulates the immune response through interaction with PD-1, a protein belonging to the B7 receptor family present on lymphocytes. The objectives of this phase I study were to assess the dose-limiting toxicities, to determine the maximum tolerated dose, and to study the pharmacokinetics of CT-011 administered once to patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.

Experimental Design: Seventeen patients were treated with escalating doses of CT-011 ranging from 0.

[Apollinaire Bouchardat and diabetes].

Apollinaire Bouchardat (1806-1886) begins its hospital formation by the pharmacy internship and then starts his medical studies. He becomes chief pharmacist of the Hôtel-Dieu in 1835 and during 20 years, he devotes his life to the study of diabetes. Through observations and experiments, he builds new concepts allowing to establish the bases of clinical diabetology due to a solid competence in fundamental sciences and his intelligence in semiologic observations.

[One-year follow-up in real clinical practice conditions of type 2 diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone: the Avantage study].

The Avandia, tolérance à grande échelle (Avantage) study was an observational study conducted in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients (T2D) followed for 12 months. Its aim was to assess in real clinical practice conditions, the tolerability of rosiglitazone, an oral antidiabetic agent of the new thiazolidinedione ("glitazone") class, available in France since May 2002. Study was carried out from December 2002 to January 2005.

Treatment for 2 mo with n 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces adiposity and some atherogenic factors but does not improve insulin sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Information is lacking on the potential effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: We evaluated whether n-3 PUFAs have additional effects on adiposity, insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue function (production of adipokines and inflammatory and atherogenic factors), and gene expression in type 2 diabetes.

Design: Twenty-seven women with type 2 diabetes without hypertriglyceridemia were randomly allocated in a double-blind parallel design to 2 mo of 3 g/d of either fish oil (1.

A review of the metabolic syndrome.

While the concept of this syndrome has been described more than 60 years ago, and more formally almost 20 years ago, the controversy continues as to its utility, which of the various syndrome definitions should be used and their ability to predict diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome, of cardiovascular risk factors, provides an early warning of at risk subjects and emphasises the need to treat more aggressively (by at least lifestyle modification) patients with multiple abnormalities even though the abnormalities might be slight. Further, the syndrome can be easily used in clinical practice and when it is assessed against the background of the patient's age, sex and smoking habits, it provides an evaluation of potential cardiovascular risk.

Motivational effects of 12-week moderately restrictive diets with or without special attention to the Glycaemic Index of foods.

Low glycaemic index (GI) diets may facilitate weight loss via behavioural and/or endocrine mechanisms. This study investigated whether the outcomes of the Weight Watchers POINTS Weight-Loss System could be improved by encouraging dieters to select low GI, high-carbohydrate foods. Ninety-six women (age 20-72 years; BMI 25-40 kg/m2) were recruited as they started the Weight Watchers POINTS programme for 12 weeks.

Effect of baking process on postprandial metabolic consequences: randomized trials in normal and type 2 diabetic subjects.

Objective: To determine the impact of the form, fibre content, baking and processing on the glycaemic, insulinaemic and lipidaemic responses of different French breads.

Design And Subjects: First study: Nine healthy subjects were randomized to consume in a crossover design one of six kinds of French bread (each containing 50 g available carbohydrate): classic baguette, traditional baguette, loaf of wholemeal bread (WM-B), loaf of bread fermented with yeast or with leaven, a sandwich and a glucose challenge as reference.

Results: The glycaemic index (GI) values ranged from 57+/-9% (mean+/-s.

Low glycemic index foods should play a role in improving overall glycemic control in type-1 and type-2 diabetic patients and, more specifically, in correcting excessive postprandial hyperglycemia.

There is a large bulk of evidence that using low glycemic index (GI) foods has a very significant impact on the amelioration of metabolic disturbances observed in diabetic and/or hyperlipidemic patients and in subjects affected by the metabolic syndrome. Studies bringing convincing evidence against this concept are very rare if any. Improvement is observed not only in postprandial blood glucose and insulin variations but also in circulating plasma lipid levels and the morphology and function of adipocytes.

Postprandial glycaemia: a plea for the frequent use of delta postprandial glycaemia in the treatment of diabetic patients.

Postprandial hyperglycaemia is a phenomenon often neglected by patients as well as doctors. While patients only voluntarily measure morning and preprandial capillary glycaemia, physicians do not encourage the measurement of anything further. The specific role of postprandial hyperglycaemia in the determination of late diabetes complications, such as micro- and macroangiopathy, remains controversial.