Human anterior pituitary's ACTH cells during the aging process: immunohistochemic and morphometric study.

Corticotrophs produce a hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, which in turn have effects on carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Quantification, morphological characteristics, and distribution of corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary and changes in the number and shape of the cells during aging have been examined using immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. The material consisted of 14 anterior pituitaries taken from cadavers at routine autopsy.

Morphometric analysis of the folliculostellate cells and luteinizing hormone gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary of the men during the aging process.

The aim of this research was to quantify the changes in the morphology and density of the anterior pituitary folliculostellate (FS) and luteinizing hormone (LH) cells. Material was tissue of the pituitary gland of the 14 male cadavers. Tissue slices were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal anti-LH antibody and polyclonal anti-S100 antibody for the detection of LH and FS cells, respectively.

Fenestrations of the human posterior cerebral artery.

Background: The posterior cerebral artery (PCA), as a paired terminal branch of the basilar artery, runs through four segments (P1 to P4) to the inferior and medial surfaces of the occipital and a part of the temporal lobes. There are many PCA variants in its course. The literature data indicated that a fenestration of the PCA was very rare and that its clinical significance is unknown.

Infundibular dilatation of the posterior communicating artery in a defined population.

Unusual widening of the posterior communicating artery (PCoA) at its beginning from the cerebral portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was described as its infundibular dilatation (ID). A possibility of ID rupture or progression to aneurysm was the reason for an investigation of its frequency and morphologic features in specimens of the Serbian population. Cerebral arteries on the brain base of 267 adult cadavers of both genders and varying age and causes of death were dissected.

Folliculo-stellate cells - potential mediators of the inflammaging-induced hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy elderly individuals.

Some evidence has suggested that, with age, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis becomes less resilient, leading to higher glucocorticoids nocturnal levels and a flattening of the circadian profiles. Such age-related changes in the activity of the HPA axis has overexposed the brain and peripheral organs to the effects of the glucocorticoids, increasing the morbidity and mortality rates of the elderly. Debate among scientists regarding the contributions of HPA axis age-related changes of impaired feedback regulation vs.

Morphometric analysis of connective tissue sheaths of sural nerve in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

One of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic neuropathy. It may be provoked by metabolic and/or vascular factors, and depending on duration of disease, various layers of nerve may be affected. Our aim was to investigate influence of diabetes on the epineurial, perineurial, and endoneurial connective tissue sheaths.

Extracranial Segments of the Vertebral Artery: Insight in the Developmental Changes up to the 21st Year of Life.

The vertebral artery (VA) bilaterally arises usually from the subclavian artery and courses within the bony canals of cervical vertebrae, and then it reverses directions on the first vertebra before piercing the dura to enter the cranium.The aim was to follow (ab)normal developmental changes of extracranial VA from prenatal status to age 21. This chapter included a brief description of the arterial embryology and morphofunctional specificity of the VA in prevertebral, cervical, and atlantic parts, during prenatal and postnatal period.

Persistent primitive olfactory artery in Serbian population.

The continuation of the cranial branch of the primitive internal carotid artery is called the primitive olfactory artery (POℓA). It takes this name according to the fact that it is mainly concerned with supplying the developing nasal region. We reported two new cases of the persistent POℓA (PPOℓA) in Serbian population after retrospective analysis of digital images of 200 fetal and 269 adult cases.

Morphology of the cerebral arterial circle in the prenatal and postnatal period of Serbian population.

Background: In the literature, there are descriptions of morphological types of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) of different human populations around the world, but not the Serbian population. This additionally inspired the authors to present the results of previous and current researches of CAC's configuration in the prenatal, as well as in the postnatal period.

Method: The study was performed on CACs of 190 human fetuses and 143 adult cadavers.

Morphometric analysis of the human anterior pituitary's folliculostellate cells during the aging process.

Folliculostellate cells represent non-endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary which influence the function of the endocrine cells via paracrine action. Though there is a lack of literature data on their presence during human aging, the aim of this research was to perform the quantification of anterior pituitary folliculostellate cells by the application of immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. The material for the study consisted of 15 anterior pituitaries taken from cadavers at routine autopsy.

Vertebral and/or basilar dolichoectasia in human adult cadavers.

Background: Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia is a condition in which arteries demonstrate an increase in length and diameter, with the vertebrobasilar system being the most commonly affected segment. Because the criteria for and degree of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia are usually established on three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography, we presented the results of an anatomic study of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia cadaveric specimens.

Method: Examination was carried out on the brains of human adult cadavers, routinely dissected at the Institute of Forensic Medicine.

Trigeminal artery: a review of normal and pathological features.

Objects: Carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses-the trigeminal, otic, hypoglossal, and proatlantal intersegmental arteries-serve as transitory channels between primitive internal carotid arteries and bilateral longitudinal neural arterial plexus, which is the precursor of future basilar artery, when the human embryo reaches about 4-mm length.

Material And Methods: Normal and/or abnormal morphofunctional aspects of the prenatal and postnatal forms of the trigeminal artery are described according to personal and literature data. Many arteries of similar origin and course are also noted in the differential diagnosis of the trigeminal artery.

[Quantification of sclerotic renal glomeruli during the aging process in humans].

Introduction: The aim of our research was to quantify the presence of totally sclerotized glomeruli during the aging process.

Material And Methods: The study material were kidney tissue samples taken from fifty-six cadavers, their age ranging from 20 to over 70 years. They were classified in six age groups: I (20-29), II (30-39), III (40-49); IV (50-59); V (60-69) and VI (older than 70).

Vascularisation of pectoralis maior myocutaneous flap: anatomical study in human fetuses and cadavers.

Pectoral major flap is one of most frequently used flaps in head and neck reconstruction. The wide attractiveness of this flap is based on secure vascular stalk made from pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery. The aim of study was to analyze the variations in vascular supply of pectoral major muscle.

Extraneural arterial blood vessels of human fetal sciatic nerve.

Nerves get segmental blood supply either from the neighboring muscular and cutaneous branches or from the regional main arterial trunks. The aim of our research was to detect, in the gluteal and posterior femoral region, the blood vessels which are involved in the blood supply of the human fetal sciatic nerve, as well as to establish their origin. Micro-dissection was performed on 48 fetal lower extremities which were previously fixed in 10% formalin.

[The level of the sciatic nerve division and its relations to the piriform muscle].

Background: The sciatic nerve, as the terminal branch of the sacral plexus, leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen beneath the piriform muscle. Afterwards, it separates into the tibial and the common peroneal nerve, most frequently at the level of the upper angle of the popliteal fossa. Higher level of the sciatic nerve division is a relatively frequent phenomenom and it may be the cause of an incomplete block of the sciatic nerve during the popliteal block anesthesia.

Morphological and morphometric characteristics of choroid plexus psammoma bodies during the human aging.

Psammoma bodies are one of many choroid plexus aging changes which origin is still enigma for the scientists. During our investigation psammoma bodies were studied on 30 postmortem brains by light microscopy. They stained red with HE, and were PAS and AB PAS positive.