Lexical Surprisal Shapes the Time Course of Syntactic Structure Building.

When we understand language, we recognize words and combine them into sentences. In this article, we explore the hypothesis that listeners use probabilistic information about words to build syntactic structure. Recent work has shown that lexical probability and syntactic structure both modulate the delta-band (<4 Hz) neural signal.

Fertility-Preserving Treatments and Patient- and Parental Satisfaction on Fertility Counseling in a Cohort of Newly Diagnosed Boys and Girls with Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of fertility-preserving (FP) treatments and fertility counseling that was offered in a cohort of newly diagnosed children with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).

Methods: In this observational study, boys and girls with cHL aged ≤ 18 years with scheduled treatment according to the EuroNet-PHL-C2 protocol were recruited from 18 sites (5 countries), between January 2017 and September 2021. In 2023, a subset of Dutch participants (aged ≥ 12 years at time of diagnosis) and parents/guardians were surveyed regarding fertility counseling.

Delta-Band Neural Responses to Individual Words Are Modulated by Sentence Processing.

To understand language, we need to recognize words and combine them into phrases and sentences. During this process, responses to the words themselves are changed. In a step toward understanding how the brain builds sentence structure, the present study concerns the neural readout of this adaptation.

Selective cardiovascular effects of stress and cigarette smoking.

The purpose of the present study was to determine how cigarette smoking and psychological stress combine to affect cardiovascular function. Stress was operationally defined as playing a series of difficult video games under challenging instructional conditions. Following an initial test game, 51 smokers were randomly assigned to a 2 (smoke vs.

Challenge-induced cardiovascular response as a predictor of minor illnesses.

Male college students (n = 64) participated in a competitive "TV tennis game" while their heart rate and blood pressure were monitored. Subsequently, their health records were inspected to determine frequency of illnesses. Subjects who responded during the contest with extreme increases in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were significantly more likely to have frequent minor illnesses than those responding with moderate or low increases.