Birmingham atypical cartilaginous tumour imaging protocol (BACTIP) revisited.

Aim: To revalidate an MRI protocol for the management of solitary central cartilage tumours (CCTs) of the proximal humerus and around the knee, excluding the proximal fibula.

Materials And Methods: Data on 387 patients with a solitary CCT assessed in a specialist orthopaedic oncology unit between 2007 and 2016 was updated and combined with a further 393 patients referred from 2017 to 2023. The initial MRI images and any follow-up scans were evaluated for craniocaudal length of the CCT, presence/absence of endosteal scalloping or aggressive/malignant features.

Quadriceps muscle injuries in athletes: a narrative review.

The quadriceps muscles are a large group of four muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh, comprising the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis, which in combination act as the primary extensors of the knee joint. The rectus femoris is also responsible for hip joint flexion. Quadriceps muscle injuries are frequently encountered in sports and athletic activities, and present a significant challenge in the realm of sports medicine, impacting athletes across various disciplines and levels of competition.

R-index: a standardized representativeness metric for benchmarking diversity, equity, and inclusion in biopharmaceutical clinical trial development.

Background: Diversity, equity, and inclusion pertaining to race, ethnicity, and related concepts have historically been underrepresented in clinical trials for pharmaceutical drug development, although this is an increasing topic for regulators, payers, and patient advocacy groups. We aimed to develop a summary statistical measure to assess such representativeness.

Methods: A statistical measure using population demographic parameters derived from performance metrics through verbal autopsy research was proposed for using population frameworks in the UK.

Advancing inclusive research calculator for oncology disease areas: A resource to support the development of enrollment targets in diversity action plans for industry sponsors.

Background: The Food and Drug Omnibus Report Act, signed into law in 2022, requires industry sponsors to include diversity action plans in clinical study protocols. Defining reliable methodology for measures and benchmarks is critical to ensuring adequate and consistent representation of historically underrepresented patient populations in clinical trials.

Methods: We provide an Advancing Inclusive Research (AIR) Calculator, summary tables, and data query bank to support target setting for the development of diversity action plans and to take steps toward defining enrollment standards.

Optimal Magnetic Resonance Sequence for Assessment of Central Cartilage Tumor Scalloping.

 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is key in evaluating central cartilage tumors. The BACTIP (Birmingham Atypical Cartilaginous Tumour Imaging Protocol) protocol assesses central cartilage tumor risk based on the tumor size and degree of endosteal scalloping on MRI. It provides a management protocol for assessment, follow-up, or referral of central cartilage tumors.

A vaccine antigen central in influenza A(H5) virus antigenic space confers subtype-wide immunity.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses globally impact wild and domestic birds, and mammals, including humans, underscoring their pandemic potential. The antigenic evolution of the A(H5) hemagglutinin (HA) poses challenges for pandemic preparedness and vaccine design. Here, the global antigenic evolution of the A(H5) HA was captured in a high-resolution antigenic map.

Taking stock: Is gene drive research delivering on its principles?

Gene drive technology has been recognized for its potential to provide durable and cost-effective solutions for previously intractable problems in public health, conservation, and agriculture. In recognition of the rapid advances in this field, in 2016 the U.S.

Liquids with High Compressibility.

Compressibility is a fundamental property of all materials. For fluids, that is, gases and liquids, compressibility forms the basis of technologies such as pneumatics and hydraulics and determines basic phenomena such as the propagation of sound and shock waves. In contrast to gases, liquids are almost incompressible.

Myocardial deformation imaging by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography for assessment of diastolic dysfunction in murine cardiopathology.

Diastolic dysfunction is increasingly identified as a key, early onset subclinical condition characterizing cardiopathologies of rising prevalence, including diabetic heart disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Diastolic dysfunction characterization has important prognostic value in management of disease outcomes. Validated tools for in vivo monitoring of diastolic function in rodent models of diabetes are required for progress in pre-clinical cardiology studies.

Measurement Analysis of Ice Ball Size during CT-Guided Cryoablation Procedures for Better Prediction of Final Ice Ball Size and Avoidance of Complications.

 Cryoablation is the destruction of living tissue by the application of extreme freezing temperature. There has been an increase in the use of cryoablation in the management of musculoskeletal lesions, in particular fibromatosis.  This study aimed to measure the average and relative increase in size of the cryoablation ice ball after the first (10 minutes) and second freeze cycles (20 minutes) to accurately predict the size of the ice ball between first and second freezes to help prevent any unwanted damage of the nearby skin and neurovascular structures.

Requirements for market entry of gene drive-modified mosquitoes for control of vector-borne diseases: analogies to other biologic and biotechnology products.

Gene drive-modified mosquitoes (GDMMs) are proposed as new tools for control and elimination of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases, and promising results have been observed from testing conducted in containment. Although still at an early stage of development, it is important to begin now to consider approval procedures and market entry strategies for the eventual implementation of GDMMs in the context of disease control programs, as these could impact future research plans. It is expected that, as for other types of new products, those seeking to bring GDMMs to market will be required to provide sufficient information to allow the regulator(s) to determine whether the product is safe and effective for its proposed use.

Comparison of patterns and rates of cement leakage in percutaneous sacroplasty for sacral insufficiency fractures versus neoplasia.

Objective: Percutaneous sacroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure which utilises injection of bone cement into the sacrum for stabilisation of osteoporotic sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF) and neoplastic lesions to relieve pain and improve function. While effective, cement leakage is an important complication associated with the procedure. This study aims to compare the incidence and patterns of the cement leakages following sacroplasty for SIF versus neoplasia and discuss the various patterns of cement leakage and their implications.

Naringenin and β-carotene convert human white adipocytes to a beige phenotype and elevate hormone- stimulated lipolysis.

Introduction: Naringenin, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator found in citrus fruits, upregulates markers of thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in human adipose tissue. Our pharmacokinetics clinical trial demonstrated that naringenin is safe and bioavailable, and our case report showed that naringenin causes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic-X-receptors (RXRs) at promoter elements of target genes.

For richer, for poorer: Financial behaviors, power (im)balance, and relational aggression among different-gender newlyweds in the U.S.

Guided by an intersectional feminism framework, we used three-wave, dyadic survey data from a nationally representative sample of 1625 U.S. different-gender newlywed couples to test three research questions.

A gene drive is a gene drive: the debate over lumping or splitting definitions.

We address a controversy over use of the term “gene drive” to include both natural and synthetic genetic elements that promote their own transmission within a population, arguing that this broad definition is both practical and has advantages for risk analysis.

Regulatory and policy considerations for the implementation of gene drive-modified mosquitoes to prevent malaria transmission.

Gene drive-modified mosquitoes (GDMMs) are being developed as possible new tools to prevent transmission of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. To date no GDMMs have yet undergone field testing. This early stage is an opportune time for developers, supporters, and possible users to begin to consider the potential regulatory requirements for eventual implementation of these technologies in national or regional public health programs, especially as some of the practical implications of these requirements may take considerable planning, time and coordination to address.

Spectral analysis of ultrasound backscatter for non-invasive measurement of plaque composition.

Carotid atherosclerotic plaque composition may be an important indication of patient risk for future cerebrovascular events. Ultrasound spectral analysis has the potential to provide a robust measure of plaque composition in vivo if the backscatter transfer function can be sufficiently isolated from the effects of attenuation from overlying tissue, receive and transmit transfer functions from the ultrasound system and transducer, and diffraction. This study examines the usefulness of the nonlinearly generated second harmonic portion of the backscatter signal and the effects of a variety of attenuation compensation techniques for noninvasively characterizing human carotid plaque using spectral analysis and machine learning.

Latent profiles of sleep quality, financial management behaviors, and sexual satisfaction in emerging adult newlywed couples and longitudinal connections with marital satisfaction.

Emerging adult newlywed couples often experience many demands on their time, and three common problems may surface as couples try to balance these demands-problems related to finances, sleep, and sex. We used two waves of dyadic data from 1,001 emerging adult newlywed couples to identify four dyadic latent profiles from husbands' and wives' financial management behaviors, sexual satisfaction, and sleep quality: , , , and . We then examined how husbands' and wives' marital satisfaction, in relation to profile membership, varied at a later wave.

The influence of site on the incidence and diagnosis of solitary central cartilage tumours of the femur. A 21 century perspective.

Objective: To determine the incidence of central cartilage tumours (CCTs) in the femur and the impact of site (proximal, mid and distal thirds) on tumour grade. To compare study results with historically published data.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of solitary CCTs arising in the femur over the past 13 years.