[Magnetic resonance imaging and PET/CT with 11C-methionine for primary central nervous system vasculitis].

Unlabelled: Primary central nervous system vasculitis is still a challenge due to rarity of disease, unspecific clinical and neurological presentation, as well as low specificity of MRI and laboratory tests.

Objective: To present the potential of hybrid neuroimaging in diagnosis of primary central nervous system vasculitis.

Material And Methods: The results of MRI, PET/CT with 11C-methionine, histological and immunochemical data in a 23-year-old patient with first-time epileptic seizure are demonstrated.

[PET/CT with 11C-methionine as a predictor of disease-free survival in patients with IDH1 wild type diffuse glioma].

Unlabelled: Prognosis of () wild-type gliomas is worse compared to -mutant tumors regardless of histological criteria for glioblastoma. However, there is still uncertainty regarding favorable course of disease and predictors of long-term survival in gliomas.

Objective: To study the metabolic characteristics of diffuse astrocytomas using C-methionine PET/CT and prognostic significance of PET-associated parameters for disease-free survival.

Persistent Nontumoral High-Amino-Acid Uptake on Brain [11C]Methionine PET/CT in a Patient After Combined Glioma Treatment.

A 44-year-old man after combined left temporal low-grade glioma treatment presented with daily multiple series of seizures. MRI demonstrated diffuse cortical swelling in the left frontal lobe with intensive gyral enhancement. PET with [11C]methionine (PET-MET) revealed increased radiotracer uptake strictly confined to the cortical ribbon of the left cerebral hemisphere, which persisted for 3 months.

[Biliary sludge: pathogenesis, etiology and drug therapy].

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for the treatment of biliary sludge (BS) and to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of the German substance UDCA and generic drugs from other manufacturers.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 65 patients diagnosed with BS (K80.8).

[C-methionine PET in assessment of brain lesions in patients with glial tumors after combined treatment].

Positron emission tomography (PET) with amino acid-based radiopharmaceuticals is considered as an effective method to diagnose continued growth of cerebral gliomas, but the variability of C-methionine uptake by brain lesions of different genesis after combined treatment still remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the information value of C-methionine PET in delimitating progression of cerebral gliomas and stable disease and to assess the risk of tumor recurrence at different values of the C-methionine uptake index. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the results of C-methionine PET or PET/CT in 324 patients suspected for continued growth of cerebral tumor based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Advanced liver disease in Russian children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C.

Russia has one of the highest prevalences of paediatric chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC). Our aim was to provide a detailed characterization of children and adolescents with CHC including treatment outcomes. Thus, an observational study of children with CHC aged <18 years was conducted in three hepatology centres from November 2014 to May 2017.

Plasma miR-19b and miR-183 as Potential Biomarkers of Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is a complex disease that often manifests at the point when treatment is not effective. Introduction of blood-based complementary diagnostics using molecular markers may enhance early detection of this disease and help reduce the burden of lung cancer. Here we evaluated the diagnostic potential of seven plasma miRNA biomarkers (miR-21, -19b, -126, -25, -205, -183, -125b) by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

Comparative Study of Extracellular Vesicles from the Urine of Healthy Individuals and Prostate Cancer Patients.

Recent studies suggest that extracellular vesicles may be the key to timely diagnosis and monitoring of genito-urological malignancies. In this study we investigated the composition and content of extracellular vesicles found in the urine of healthy donors and prostate cancer patients. Urine of 14 PCa patients and 20 healthy volunteers was clarified by low-speed centrifugation and total extracellular vesicles fraction was obtain by high-speed centrifugation.

Dynamic changes in circulating miRNA levels in response to antitumor therapy of lung cancer.

Purpose: Expression levels of cancer-associated microRNAs were reported to be altered in serum/plasma samples from lung cancer patients compared with healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to estimate the value of five selected miRNAs plasma levels as markers of response to antitumor therapy in lung cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Expression levels of miR-19b, miR-126, miR-25, miR-205, and miR-125b have been evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR versus control miR-16 in blood plasma samples from 23 lung cancer (LC) patients.

Serum Antibody Ig G and Ig M Titers for Opisthorchis felineus Correlate with Eggs in Faeces--a Comprehensive Study in Chuvash Republic, Russia.

The Cholangiocarcinoma is a. The risk of development of cholangiocarcinoma, generally a rare type of a liver tumor, increases during infection of Opisthorchiasis. For this reason the timely detection of Opisthorchiasis is important for Cholangiocarcinoma prevention.

[DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF LIVER DYSFUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH POSITIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH (ICF)].

Methods: Based on a retrospective analysis of biochemical blood parameters which characterize the role of liver function in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates (considered indicators of ALT, AST, De Ritis coefficient, bilirubin, albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, cholesterol, urea, ammonia, glucose, lactate) in 95 children without liver pathology, 15 children who died of liver failure, 295 patients with various liver diseases who were treated in the SCCH, a scale system was developed as a support tool to assess liver dysfunction.

Results: Each biochemical indicator was assessed on a five-point scale. The level of a biochemical indicator, which corresponded to the absence of disorders, was estimated as 4 points, corresponding to "insignificant disorders"--as 3 points, "moderate disorders"--as 2 points, "severe disorders"--as 1 point, "absolute disorders"--as 0 points.

[The Relationship of the Degree of Impairment of the Structure and Function of the Liver with its Chronic Illnesses in Children].

Objective: Our aim was to on the basis of determining the degree of violation of the structure and function of the liver establish their relationships and to assess the dynamics of liver disease in its chronic illnesses in children.

Methods: With the help of the developed scoring systems were used to assess the degree of liver dysfunction and the degree of disruption of the structure of the liver and the severity of portal hypertension.

Results: The results of the diagnostic methods 252 children aged 1 to 17 years (mean age of 11.

A phenol-free method for isolation of microRNA from biological fluids.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) found in biological fluids such as blood and urine have been identified as promising biomarkers for many human disorders, including cancer, cardiopathies, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, circulating miRNAs are either encapsulated into vesicles or found in complexes with proteins and lipoproteins and, thus, require a special approach to their isolation. Acid phenol-chloroform extraction can solve this problem, but it is a labor-intensive procedure that relies heavily on the use of hazardous chemicals.

PET using 11C-methionine in recognition of pseudoprogression in cerebral glioma after combined treatment.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the value of PET using 11C-methionine (PET-Met) for distinction between true glioma progression and pseudoprogression (PsPr). 72 patients with treated cerebral glioma investigated by PET-Met were identified from prospective database. Entry criteria included new or progressive MR imaging enhancing lesions within first 6 months after irradiation and definite final diagnosis on the basis of the pathological study (n=17) or clinical-radiological follow-up on an average 16 months.

[Chronic hepatitis C in children: problems and prospects].

The analysis of a problem state of chronic hepatitis C in children was conducted. Data on primary incidence of chronic hepatitis C at the children's population as on the territory of the Russian Federation, and abroad are submitted. Problems of diagnosis of a HCV infection are studied.

Potentialities of aberrantly methylated circulating DNA for diagnostics and post-treatment follow-up of lung cancer patients.

To date, aberrant DNA methylation has been shown to be one of the most common and early causes of malignant cell transformation and tumors of different localizations, including lung cancer. Cancer cell-specific methylated DNA has been found in the blood of cancer patients, indicating that cell-free DNA circulating in the blood (cirDNA) is a convenient tumor-associated DNA marker that can be used as a minimally invasive diagnostic test. In the current study, we investigated the methylation status in blood samples of 32 healthy donors and 60 lung cancer patients before and after treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by total tumor resection.

[Assay of methylated gene RARbeta2 in circulating DNA of blood from patients with lung cancer as a potential prognostic marker].

Blood-based methylated DNA gene RARbeta2 in circulating plasma (cir DNA) and one associated with blood cell surface were assayed in patients with non small cell lung cancer before and after combined treatment. The levels in both appeared to be significantly higher than in healthy subjects. Enhanced levels prior to treatment were associated with greater advancement of the disease and unfavorable prognosis (overall survival).

RARβ2 gene methylation level in the circulating DNA from blood of patients with lung cancer.

Alterations in the patterns of DNA methylation are among the earliest and most common events in tumorigenesis. Epigenetic changes were shown to be detectable in DNA, circulating in blood (cirDNA) of cancer patients, indicating the resources to create the minimally invasive diagnostic tests based on tumor-specific DNA markers. RARβ2 methylation level was significantly increased in plasma cirDNA and cell surface-bound cirDNA (csb-cirDNA) from patients with non-small cell lung cancer compared with healthy individuals (7620 and 1083 copies/ml in the csb fractions, 3589 and 1068 copies/ml in the blood plasma; P=0.

Binding and penetration of methylated DNA into primary and transformed human cells.

Tumor progression was shown to be accompanied by the circulation of aberrantly methylated DNA both in the plasma and at the surface of blood cells. As the methylated DNA of tumor suppression genes in blood is a carrier of potentially harmful genetic information, we have studied the stability of methylated DNA fragments in the extracellular space, their binding to the cell surface, and their penetration into cells. It has been shown that the methylated fragments of the RARbeta2 gene are more stable and penetrate into the primary and transformed cells at least twice as efficiently as the unmethylated fragments.

[Breast cancer diagnostics based on extracellular DNA and RNA circulating in blood].

Extracellular DNA and RNA were extracted from blood plasma and cell surface-bound fractions of patients with breast tumors and healthy controls. Frequency of RASSF1A, Cyclin D2 and RARbeta2 methylation was detected using methylation-specific PCR in the extracellular DNA, extracted from plasma and cell-surface bound fractions of patient blood. Methylation of at least one of these genes was found in plasma of 13% patients with benign breast fibroadenoma and in 60% of breast cancer patients.

Isolation and comparative study of cell-free nucleic acids from human urine.

Cell-free nucleic acids (NA) from human urine were investigated. Concentrations of DNA and RNA in the urine of healthy people were independent of gender and were in the range of 6 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL and 24 ng/mL to 140 ng/mL, respectively. DNA fragments of 150-400 bp represent the main part of cell-free DNA, along with DNA fragments up to 1,300 bp, which were found in male urine, and DNA fragments up to 19 kbp, which were found in female urine.