Infrared photoresponse of GeSiSn p-i-n photodiodes based on quantum dots, quantum wells, pseudomorphic and relaxed layers.

Structural and photoelectric properties of p-i-n photodiodes based on GeSiSn/Si multiple quantum dots both on Si and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates were investigated. Elastic strained state of grown films was demonstrated by x-ray diffractometry. Annealing of p-i-n structures before the mesa fabrication can improve the ideality factor of current-voltage characteristics.

Infrared photoresponse of GeSiSn p-i-n photodiodes based on quantum dots, quantum wells, pseudomorphic and relaxed layers.

Structural and photoelectric properties of p-i-n photodiodes based on GeSiSn/Si multiple quantum dots both on Si and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates were investigated. Elastic strained state of grown films was demonstrated by x-ray diffractometry. Annealing of p-i-n structures before the mesa fabrication can improve the ideality factor of current-voltage characteristics.

[The priority and dominance of the organism in interaction with the environment].

In interaction with the environment, the most important role belongs to the body, its real ability at the moment to respond to environmental factors. The body itself «decides» which environmental factors should be used to respond, and which ones should be ignored or rejected, it chooses those factors to which the genetic program has prepared adequate reactions in advance. The body chooses and takes into account the environmental conditions necessary to solve its adaptation and development tasks.

Polypropylene Crystallinity Reduction through the Synergistic Effects of Cellulose and Silica Formed via Sol-Gel Synthesis.

This study focuses on the development of environmentally sustainable polypropylene (PP)-based composites with the potential for biodegradability by incorporating cellulose and the oligomeric siloxane ES-40. Targeting industrial applications such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, ES-40 was employed as a precursor for the in situ formation of silica particles via hydrolytic polycondensation (HPC). Two HPC approaches were investigated: a preliminary reaction in a mixture of cellulose, ethanol, and water, and a direct reaction within the molten PP matrix.

Monomeric and Dimeric Boron (III) Subphthalocyanines Functionalized with 4-Hydroxy-Benzoic Acid as Potential Photosensitizers and Photocatalysts in Sulfoxidation.

Axial modification of boron (III) subphthalocyanine bromides with 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid successfully led to the formation of the macrocycles with anchored 4-carboxyphenoxy group [RsPcPHBA] (R=Bu, H) in the axial position and to a new dimer [sPcPHBAsPc] as minor product. Tri-tert-butyl and unsubstituted subphthalocyanines bearing benzoate ([BusPcBA], [sPcBA]), phenoxy-group ([BusPcOPh], [sPcOPh])) in the axial position, have been also investigated as well as control sPcs. All compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, UV-Vis and mass spectrometry.

Non-Coagulant Spinning of High-Strength Fibers from Homopolymer Polyacrylonitrile Synthesized via Anionic Polymerisation.

The rheological properties, spinnability, and thermal-oxidative stabilization of high-molecular-weight linear polyacrylonitrile (PAN) homopolymers (molecular weights = 90-500 kg/mol), synthesized via a novel metal-free anionic polymerization method, were investigated to reduce coagulant use, enable solvent recycling, and increase the carbon yield of the resulting carbon fibers. This approach enabled the application of the mechanotropic (non-coagulating) spinning method for homopolymer PAN solutions in a wide range of molecular weights and demonstrated the possibility of achieving a high degree of fiber orientation and reasonable mechanical properties. Rheological analysis revealed a significant increase in solution elasticity (G') with increasing molecular weight, facilitating the choice of optimal deformation rates for effective chain stretching prior to strain-induced phase separation during the eco-friendly spinning of concentrated solutions without using coagulation baths.

Phosphorescence of hexachlorosubstituted subphthalocyanine and its pyrazine analogue.

Spectral luminescence, kinetic and energetic properties of hexachlorosubphthalocyaninatoboron(III) chloride and its azaanalogue containing fused pyrazine fragments instead of benzene rings were studied at 298 and 77 K. Weak phosphorescence of complexes was detected and characterized in near-infrared region of spectrum, its parameters depend substantially on the presence of methyl iodide due to its external effect of heavy atom in solutions. Quantum yields of photosensitized formation of singlet oxygen were determined by the relative luminescence method.

Polyacrylonitrile Fibers with a Gradient Silica Distribution as Precursors of Carbon-Silicon-Carbide Fibers.

This study presents preparing and characterization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers containing various content of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) incorporated via mutual spinning solution or emulsion using wet and mechanotropic spinning methods. It was shown that the presence of TEOS in dopes does not affect their rheological properties. The coagulation kinetics of complex PAN solution was investigated by optical methods on the solution drop.

Influence of Alkyl Acrylate Nature on Rheological Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Terpolymers Solutions, Spinnability and Mechanical Characteristics of Fibers.

The influence of alkyl acrylate comonomers in the rank of methyl- (MA), butyl- (BA), ethylhexyl- (EGA), and lauryl- (LA) in ternary copolymers based on acrylonitrile, alkyl acrylate and acrylamide (PAN-alkyl acrylate) on their solutions rheological behavior in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mechanical properties of the spun fibers have been investigated. To reveal the role of molecular weight, two series of copolymers with molecular weights of ~50 and 150 kg/mol have been studied. It was shown that the nature of the alkyl acrylate does not significantly affect the rheological behavior of their solutions regardless of the length of the alkyl substituent and the content of the alkyl acrylate in copolymers.

High Molecular Weight AB-Polybenzimidazole and Its Solutions in a Complex Organic Solvent: Dissolution Kinetics and Rheology.

AB-polybenzimidazole (ABPBI) dissolution kinetics in an eco-friendly complex acid-free solvent based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and KOH, and the rheological behavior of their solutions are investigated. The optimal component ratio of solvent providing the complete ABPBI dissolution is determined. Methanol containing dissolved KOH contributes to the creation of a single-phase superbasic medium, which accelerates and improves the polymer solubility in a mixture with DMSO, significantly reducing the viscoelasticity of the resulting solution.

Silica-Filled Polyacrylonitrile Solutions: Rheology, Morphology, Coagulation, and Fiber Spinning.

The fumed silica influence on the morphology, coagulation processes, and rheological properties of suspensions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-DMSO solutions has been studied for the production of composite films and fibers. It has been shown that silica-DMSO concentrated suspensions (24 wt%) form a weak gel with a yield point of about 200 Pa. At concentrations of ~5 wt% and above the dispersions, depending on the shear stress, are pseudoplastic or dilatant liquids.

Phosphorus(V) tetrapyrazinocorrolazines bearing axial aryloxy groups as pH-sensitive fluorophores and photosensitizers.

Phosphorus(V) complexes of octaphenyltetrapyrazinocorrolazine bearing two aryloxy groups in the axial position, [P(OAr)] (2a-c, Ar = phenyl (2a), 4-dimethylaminophenyl (2b), and 4-hydroxyphenyl (2c)), were prepared using a one-pot procedure by consecutive treatment of the dihydroxidophosphorus(V) derivative, [P(OH)] (1), with SOCl and then with the corresponding phenol ArOH. Complex 2a containing axial PhO groups is fluorescent in all studied solvents (toluene, CHCl, THF, and DMSO, ∼ 0.16-0.

Some Specifics of Defect-Free Poly-(o-aminophenylene)naphthoylenimide Fibers Preparation by Wet Spinning.

A series of model experiments were carried out on drops of poly-(o-aminophenylene)naphthoylenimide (PANI-O) solutions in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) surrounded by a coagulant of different compositions as starting points of defect-free fibers spinning by the wet method. An influence of compositions of dopes and multicomponent coagulants on the diffusion kinetics and drop morphology during coagulation has been investigated. It is shown that the defining parameters of the coagulation process are viscoelastic properties of the polymer solution and the diffusion activity of the coagulant, meaning not only the rate of coagulation but also the presence/absence of macro defects in the resulting fiber.

Solubility, Rheology, and Coagulation Kinetics of Poly-(O-Aminophenylene)Naphthoylenimide Solutions.

The effect of temperature and storage time at a constant temperature on the stability of poly-(o-aminophenylene)naphthoylenimide solutions in N-methylpyrrolidone has been analyzed using rotational rheometry. A temperature-time window beyond which an irreversible change in the viscoelastic properties of solutions due to cumulative reactions of continuous polymerization and possible intramolecular cyclization has been detected. The influence of polymer concentration and its molecular weight on the rheological properties of solutions determining the choice of methods for their processing into fibers and films has been investigated.

The Effect of the Synthetic Procedure of Acrylonitrile-Acrylic Acid Copolymers on Rheological Properties of Solutions and Features of Fiber Spinning.

The influence of introducing acrylic acid (AA) into the reaction mixture with acrylonitrile at the synthesis of copolymers by free-radical polymerization (FRP) and radical polymerization with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) on the rheological properties of their solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide, as well as on the capability to spin fibers by the mechanotropic method, is analyzed. The influence of AA dosing conditions on the rheological properties of the solutions in the concentration range above the crossover point was not revealed. In the case of RAFT synthesis, the rheological properties differ distinctively in the high concentration region that is expressed by unusual viscoelastic characteristics.

pH-Sensitive subphthalocyanines and subazaphthalocyanines.

Although subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) possess advantageous fluorescence properties and serve as an amazing tool to attach a recognition sensor moiety to the axial position, a limited number of switchable SubPcs have been described so far. Isosteric aza-replacement is known to improve sensing properties in closely related phthalocyanine families; however, pyrazino[2,3-b,g,l]subporphyrazines (SubPyzPzs) have not yet been investigated for use in sensing applications. Therefore, this project focuses on the synthesis and sensing abilities of pH-sensitive SubPcs and SubPyzPzs on the principle of photoinduced electron transfer (PET).

Compositions Based on PAN Solutions Containing Polydimethylsiloxane Additives: Morphology, Rheology, and Fiber Spinning.

The effect of additives of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) with various molecular weights on the morphology and rheological behavior of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide has been analyzed. It was shown that only partial compatibility of the PDMS with the lowest molecular weight member of the homologous series studied-hexamethyldisiloxane-with PAN solution takes place. All other PDMS samples form emulsions with PAN solutions.

New Approach to Preparation of Heat-Resistant "Lola-M" Fiber.

A new approach to the synthesis of polynaphthoylenebenzimidazoles and heat resistant fiber spinning has been developed using an environmentally friendly and energy efficient method, which operates with solutions of pre-polymers based on 3,3',4,4'-tetraaminodiphenyl ether and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride in N-methylpyrrolidone. Rheological properties of polymer reaction solutions and appropriate coagulant mixtures were investigated for further wet spinning process. The coagulation process was investigated through microscopic observation of solution droplets which imitate jet/fiber cross section surrounded with coagulants of different composition.

A Novel Technique for Fiber Formation: Mechanotropic Spinning-Principle and Realization.

We present basic experimental data and the theoretical background of a novel technique for fiber spinning from polymer solutions. The principal feature of the advanced process is realization of phase separation with detachment of a solvent, accompanied by the orientation of macromolecules, under the action of high extension rates. This is similar in some respects to dry spinning, though the driving force is not diffusion with subsequent evaporation of a solvent but redistribution of polymer-solvent interactions in favor of polymer-polymer and solvent-solvent ones governed by mechanical stresses.

Liquid filament instability due to stretch-induced phase separation in polymer solutions: Liquid filament instability.

The instability in a jet of a viscoelastic semidilute entangled polymer solution under high stretching is discussed. Initially the jet is stable due to solution elasticity stopping the fluctuation growth. The modeling shows that a jet stretching results in a radial gradient in the polymer distribution: the polymer is concentrated in the jet centre, whereas the solvent is remaining near the surface.

[The objective method for differential diagnostics of vestibular and psychogenic (phobic) dizziness].

The results of the study opening up new possibilities for differential diagnostics of vestibular and psychogenic dizziness are presented. A specially developed combined approach was used including a set of highly informative stabilometric tests for the verification of pathological changes in the vestibular analyzer, such as Romberg test with both open and closed eyes, tandem test, head turn and tilt tests. The groups of the subjected enrolled in the study were shown to possess statistically different stabilometric characteristics.

[Ultrasonic dissection in operative treatment of scars].

The authors have developed a technique of disconnection of soft tissues using an ultrasound dissector for ablation of the changed by scar skin covering. The ultrasound dissector splits the subcutaneous adipose tissue and loose connective tissue without injuring the vascular-nervous bundles. This method substantially reduces the intraoperative blood loss.

Further consideration of the gas-liquid chromatographic method for determining the intramolecular hydrogen bond energies with the example of 2-substituted phenols.

The GLC method for determining the intramolecular hydrogen bond (intra-HB) energy as the difference between the heats of dissolution of two isomers, one of which forms an intra-HB and the other has no such bond for steric reasons, in a polar stationary liquid phase was further considered by taking account of a correction for the difference between the energies of nonspecific interactions of the isomers with a polar phase. With 4- and 2-substituted phenols as an example, the differences between their heats of dissolution in polyethylene glycol and in poly-1,4-butanediol succinate were measured. As a first approximation, corrections for the contribution of the energy of nonspecific interactions with a liquid phase to the total magnitude of the difference between the heats of isomer dissolution were found.

[The effect of cerebrolysin on cognitive functions in childhood autism and in Asperger syndrome].

Nineteen children with childhood autism and 8 with Asperger's syndrome aged 2-8 year, were treated with cerebrolysin (CL) in inpatient clinic. All the patients received 10 microinjections (intramuscularly and perinervously) of 0.1 ml CL daily during 5 days.