Effect of concurrent pathogen reduction (amotosalen/UVA) and gamma/x-ray irradiation on biochemical characteristics of apheresis platelets in additive solution.

Background: Pathogen reduction (PR) may be used as an alternative to gamma or x-ray irradiation (I) to prevent transfusion associated graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD) if the pathogen reduction technology has been shown to inactivate residual lymphocytes. However, as I is considered the gold standard for reducing the risk of TA-GVHD, some centers continue to perform I in addition to PR. This study investigated the effect of concurrent pathogen reduction and irradiation (PR/I) on the biochemical characteristics of apheresis platelets at day 1, 5, and 7 of storage at room temperature.

P38 mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor improves platelet in vitro parameters and in vivo survival in a SCID mouse model of transfusion for platelets stored at cold or temperature cycled conditions for 14 days.

Platelets for transfusion are stored at room temperature (20-24°C) up to 7 days but decline in biochemical and morphological parameters during storage and can support bacterial proliferation. This decline is reduced with p38MAPK inhibitor, VX-702. Storage of platelets in the cold (4-6°C) can reduce bacterial proliferation but platelets get activated and have reduced circulation when transfused.

Validation of a SCID mouse model for transfusion by concurrent comparison of circulation kinetics of human platelets, stored under various temperature conditions, between human volunteers and mice.

Background: Initial evaluation of new platelet (PLT) products for transfusion includes a clinical study to determine in vivo recovery and survival of autologous radiolabeled PLTs in healthy volunteers. These studies are expensive and do not always produce the desired results. A validated animal model of human PLTs in vivo survival and recovery used pre-clinically could reduce the risk of failing to advance product development.

[Isolated Myocardial Infarction of the Right Ventricle Complicated by Myocardial Rupture with Cardiac Tamponade in a Female Patient with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia].

Arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle is a rare pathology of the myocardium, the diagnosis of which is difficult. Isolated myocardial infarction of the right ventricle occurs and is diagnosed extremely rarely. In this article we describe a case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, complicated by transmural infarction of the anterolateral wall of the right ventricle, myocardial rupture, and cardiac tamponade.

Temperature cycling during platelet cold storage improves in vivo recovery and survival in healthy volunteers.

Background: Room temperature (RT) storage of platelets (PLTs) can support bacterial proliferation in contaminated units, which can lead to transfusion-transmitted septic reactions. Cold temperature storage of PLTs could reduce bacterial proliferation but cold exposure produces activation-like changes in PLTs and leads to their rapid clearance from circulation. Cold-induced changes are reversible by warming and periodic rewarming during cold storage (temperature cycling [TC]) has been proposed to alleviate cold-induced reduction in PLT circulation.

Increase of plasma concentration to 10% improves a number of in vitro storage parameters of apheresis platelets suspended in a bicarbonate-containing additive solution and stored with a 24-hour interruption of agitation.

Background: A previous study demonstrated several pH failures during 7-day storage of platelets suspended in 5% plasma/95% PAS-5 following a 24-hour interruption of agitation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pH control improves in platelets stored in PAS-5 with 10% plasma following interruption of agitation.

Materials And Methods: Four aliquots were prepared from a single unit of apheresis platelets: two each with 5% and 10% plasma.

Value of calcium and phosphate in a bicarbonate-containing platelet additive solution with low plasma levels in maintaining key in vitro platelet storage parameters.

Background: Use of recently developed platelet (PLT) additive solutions (PAS) with 5% plasma levels may reduce the frequency and/or severity of transfusion reactions attributed to plasma. PLTs suspended in bicarbonate-containing PAS-5 with 5% plasma levels can maintain key PLT parameters during 7-day storage. This study evaluates the role of calcium and phosphate, as constituents of PAS-5, in maintaining PLT parameters.

Investigation of bacterial inactivation in apheresis platelets with 24 or 30 hours between inoculation and inactivation.

Background And Objectives: Blood Centre logistics, staffing and donor scheduling may be optimized if pathogen inactivation (PI) of platelets can be delayed until Day 1, but bacteria may rapidly grow during this time. This study evaluates bacterial PI performed 24 and 30 h after collection.

Materials And Methods: PAS-3 platelet units were collected on the Amicus and subsequently inoculated (3-53 CFU/unit) with 1of 5 transfusion relevant bacterial species (n = 3/organism).

[IDENTIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK FOR ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. REPORT II: ELIMINATION OF THE MODIFYNG INFLUENCE OF FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK].

This study is a continuation of (Report I) identification of the occupational risk of arterial hypertension (AH) in 13 occupational groups (3842 workers, men). In previous work there was eliminated the influence of traditional factors of the cardiovascular risk, in this study there was implemented the identification of the components of a healthy worker effect (HWE) and the elimination of their influence on the occupational risks of hypertension. Identification and removal of components HWE--the effect of a healthy recruitment (EHR) and the effect of the healthy worker persisting to work (EHWPW--was carried out by the analytic rearranging of the standardized for age and obesity prevalence rate of arterial hypertension with the use of own methodological approaches.

Automated cold temperature cycling improves in vitro platelet properties and in vivo recovery in a mouse model compared to continuous cold storage.

Background: Platelets (PLTs) stored at cold temperatures (CTs) for prolonged time have dramatically reduced bacterial growth but poor survival when infused. A previous study demonstrated that human PLTs stored with manual cycling between 4 °C (12 hr) and 37 °C (30 min) and infused into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice had survivals similar to or greater than those stored at room temperature (RT). In this study, the in vitro and in vivo properties of PLTs stored in an automated incubator programmed to cycle between 5 °C (11 hr) and 37 °C (1 hr) were evaluated.

Amelioration of lesions associated with 24-hour suboptimal platelet storage at 16 °C by a p38MAPK inhibitor, VX-702.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies with p38MAPK inhibitors at room temperature demonstrated that they improve a large number of platelet storage parameters, but cannot substantially inhibit p38MAPK activation nor protect against widespread decrements in platelet quality parameters during 4 °C storage. In this study, platelet quality parameters and inhibition of p38MAPK by VX-702 were studied after incubation of platelets at 16 °C without agitation, suboptimal storage conditions which produce moderate platelet decrements.

Materials And Methods: Trima apheresis units were collected and aliquoted into three 60-ml CLX storage bags: (i) a control aliquot which was held at 20-24 °C with constant agitation; (ii) a test aliquot which was held at 20-24 °C with agitation until Day 2, when it was reincubated at 16 ± 1 °C for 24 ± 0·5 h without agitation and then returned 20-24 °C with agitation; (iii) a test aliquot containing 1 μm VX-702 stored in an identical fashion as aliquot 2.

Addition of sialidase or p38 MAPK inhibitors does not ameliorate decrements in platelet in vitro storage properties caused by 4 °C storage.

Background And Objectives: Bacterial proliferation is inhibited in platelets (PLTs) stored at refrigerated temperatures, but also dramatically decreases PLT in vivo survival. Recent studies have demonstrated that cold temperature (CT) stored PLTs secrete sialidases upon re-warming, removing sialic acid from the PLT surface, which may be responsible for clustering of GPIbα and PLT clearance from circulation. In this study, the influence of a sialidase inhibitor or a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor was evaluated in units stored at 4 °C.

[The dependence of the prevalence of hypertension on the severity of the professional aging].

On the example of 5437 employees of enterprises and institutions of the Kemerovo region, compiled into 14 occupational groups, an analysis of the relationship between age structure and the frequency of arterial hypertension due to the working conditions has been performed At high levels of hardness of employment and the impact of physical factors, a shift in the age structure toward younger age is seen, which is considered as a demographic consequence of professional ageing. In turn, expressed professional ageing causes the reduction in the prevalence of hypertension, which is, probably is implemented by the effect of "healthy worker".

Evaluation of in vitro storage properties of apheresis platelets suspended in a bicarbonate-containing additive solution with low levels of plasma and stored with a 24-hour interruption of agitation.

Background And Objectives: PLT additive solutions (PAS) are useful for reducing the frequency and/or severity of plasma-associated transfusion reactions. A new PAS solution, PAS-5, containing 5% plasma, maintains in vitro PLT properties during 7-day storage. Periods with interruption of agitation (IA) ≤24 h routinely occur during PLT shipment and do not usually compromise platelet quality.

An inhibition of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase delays the platelet storage lesion.

Background And Objectives: Platelets during storage undergo diverse alterations collectively known as the platelet storage lesion, including metabolic, morphological, functional and structural changes. Some changes correlate with activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Another MAPK, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), is involved in PLT activation.

[The environment as a risk factor of coronary heart disease in urbanized region with developed chemical industry].

Tendency to growth of prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) occurring in Russian Federation despite application of preventive measures designates necessity of search for novel nontraditional factors of risk. Among other studied factors of genesis of cardiovascular diseases in general and of IHD in particular is the role of xenobiotics - chemical pollutants, substances foreign to the body. In this paper we present results of a number of epidemiological studies on the problem of xenobiotics and IHD.

Maintenance of storage properties of pediatric aliquots of apheresis platelets in fluoroethylene propylene containers.

Background: Platelet (PLT) aliquots for pediatric use have been shown to retain in vitro properties when stored in gas-impermeable syringes for up to 6 hours. As an alternative, PLT aliquots can be stored for longer periods in containers used for storage of whole blood-derived PLTs. These containers are not available separate from whole blood collection sets and PLT volumes less than 35 mL either have not been evaluated or may be unsuitable for PLT storage.

[Work intensity and arterial hypertension].

The authors presented dependence of arterial hypertension on work intensity, exemplified by two occupational groups--teachers and electricians, and demonstrated modifying influence of occupation on prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

A rest period before agitation may improve some in vitro apheresis platelet parameters during storage.

Background: Whole blood-derived platelets (PLTs) prepared by the PLT-rich plasma method are subjected to a recommended 1-hour rest period after the second centrifugation to avoid excessive PLT activation. Different apheresis PLT preparation methods demonstrate different levels of PLT activation and ability to form macroscopic aggregates immediately after collection. PLT collections are lost on Day 1 of storage if aggregates are not dispersed.

[Risks of development of arterial hypertension in occupational groups of Western Siberia: comparison with national representative data].

Risk analysis of development of arterial hypertension in 14 occupational groups of Western Siberia (4472 workers) is carried out. As a reference group the all-Russian data on prevalence of arterial hypertension by results of the second stage of monitoring of an epidemiological situation on arterial hypertension in the Russian Federation (2005-2007) were used. Paid off the odds ratio and 95% a confidential interval.

Comparative in vitro evaluation of apheresis platelets stored with 100% plasma or 65% platelet additive solution III/35% plasma and including periods without agitation under simulated shipping conditions.

Background: A comparative study evaluated the retention of apheresis platelet (A-PLT) in vitro properties prepared with PLT additive solution (PAS)-III or 100% plasma and stored with continuous agitation (CA) and without continuous agitation (WCA).

Study Design And Methods: PLTs collected with the Amicus cell separator (Fenwal, Inc.) were utilized to prepare two matched components, each with approximately 4 × 10(11) PLTs.

In vitro variables of apheresis platelets are stably maintained for 7 days with 5% residual plasma in a glucose and bicarbonate salt solution, PAS-5.

Background: Platelet additive solutions (PASs) facilitate improved recovery of plasma and may reduce the severity and/or frequency of plasma-associated transfusion reactions. Current apheresis platelet (PLT) PAS products contain approximately 30 to 40% residual plasma. In an effort to further decrease the residual plasma, two in vitro studies were conducted with PLTs suspended in 5% plasma and a reformulated PAS-3, named PAS-5, that contains additional salts, glucose, and bicarbonate.

Mitochondrial dysfunction of platelets stored in first- and second-generation containers is, in part, associated with elevated carbon dioxide levels.

Background: The gas permeability of platelet (PLT) storage bags influences the retention of in vitro PLT parameters during storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate mitochondrial function of PLTs stored in first- and second-generation bags with different gas permeabilities.

Study Design And Methods: Identical whole blood-derived PLT concentrates were stored in second-generation CLX (Pall Corp.

Influence of apheresis container size on the maintenance of platelet in vitro storage properties after a 30-h interruption of agitation.

We have previously conducted studies investigating maintenance of apheresis platelet in vitro quality measures during storage under simulated shipping conditions in which agitation was interrupted. This study examines the effect of increasing bag surface area on the preservation of in vitro platelet properties during storage with continuous agitation and with a 30 h interruption of agitation. Apheresis platelets were collected in 100% plasma with the Amicus separator to provide two identical platelet products, each with approximately 4-5 x 10(11) platelets.