Improved Nutritional Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients Treated with Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor.

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator therapy improves nutritional status and quality of life. Clinical trials have shown pancreatic insufficiency conversion, mostly in pediatric patients treated with ivacaftor. Studies with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) in older patients have not suggested restoration of exocrine pancreas function, but quality data in adults are lacking.

Effectiveness of first-line anticancer treatment may predict treatment response in further lines in stage III/IV patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate if therapeutic success in the first-line of anticancer treatments in patients with NSCLC may predict treatment success in the following lines.

Methods: We analyzed the data of patients with NSCLC stage III/IV from the TULUNG registry separately for chemotherapy, TKIs, ALK inhibitors, and immunotherapy in the first line during the years 2011-2019. "Succesful treatment " was defined as PFS ≥ 6 months, a "good responder " was a patient with ˃50% of "successful treatment " lines.

Differentiation of Sialyl Linkages Using a Combination of Alkyl Esterification and Phenylhydrazine Derivatization: Application for N-Glycan Profiling in the Sera of Patients with Lung Cancer.

Alterations in oligosaccharides and types of sialic acid (SA) attachments have been associated with different pathological states. Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MS) is commonly used for glycosylation studies. However, native sialylated glycans are suppressed or not detected during MS experiments.

Worse Prognosis in the Symptomatic Patients With Lung Cancer - Czech Multicentric Study.

Background/aim: This study aimed at contributing to a better diagnosis of lung cancer by analyzing the patient's symptoms and their linkage to other characteristics.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the data of 3,322 patients from LUCAS (LUngCAncerfocuS) National Registry of the Czech Republic. Overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Prognostic Value of Exon-20 Insertions in Czech Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: Per literature, patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon-20 insertions respond poorly to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study analyzed real-world data to examine the prognostic and predictive value of these mutations.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Czech TULUNG Registry data, with data on multiple mutation types, collected in 2011-2020.

Lung Cancer in Non-smokers in Czech Republic: Data from LUCAS Lung Cancer Clinical Registry.

Background/aim: LUCAS is a clinical lung cancer registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier is NCT04228237), prospectively collecting data from newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in seven pneumooncology centers in the Czech Republic, since June 1, 2018. The aim of the study was to assess the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, percentage of morphological types, survival, percentage of driving mutations, eligibility for radical surgery, and percentage of patients who undergo radical surgery, in the non-smoking population in comparison with smokers and former smokers.

Autologous dendritic cell-based immunotherapy (DCVAC/LuCa) and carboplatin/paclitaxel in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized, open-label, phase I/II trial.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of an active cellular immunotherapy (DCVAC/LuCa) and chemotherapy in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients And Methods: SLU01 was a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, randomized, phase I/II trial. NSCLC patients were randomized in a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive: DCVAC/LuCa and chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel; Group A); DCVAC/LuCa, chemotherapy, pegylated interferon-α2b, and hydroxychloroquine (Group B); or chemotherapy alone (Group C).

Comparison of Chemotherapeutic Regimens Frequently Used in Metastatic Non-squamous NSCLC Treatment.

Background/aim: Platinum-based chemotherapy with pemetrexed or paclitaxel/bevacizumab are regimens used in combination with checkpoint inhibitors in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. We conducted a real-world study to compare the outcomes of these chemotherapeutic regimens.

Patients And Methods: We investigated 1,534 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC treated with platin/pemetrexed (n=1212) or platin/paclitaxel/bevacizumab (n=322) in 9 cancer centres in the Czech Republic.

Real-life Effectiveness of Afatinib Gefitinib in Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: A Czech Multicentre Study.

Background/aim: We investigated efficacy differences for afatinib versus gefitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analysed data for 343 patients with NSCLC with performance status 1 having EGFR mutations treated with gefitinib or afatinib. Overall response rate (ORR) was tested by Fisher's exact test.

Real-life effectiveness of first-line anticancer treatments in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients: Data from the Czech TULUNG Registry.

Background: Data regarding real-life effectiveness of any treatment may improve clinical decision-making. The aim of this study was to evaluate real-life effectiveness of tyrosin-kinase inhibitors, bevacizumab and pemetrexed as first-line treatments in patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We analyzed data of 2157 patients of the Czech TULUNG Registry of patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC who received modern-era treatments between 2011 and 2018.

Impact of Concomitant Medication Administered at the Time of Initiation of Nivolumab Therapy on Outcome in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Aim: To investigate potential association between administration of corticosteroids, antibiotics, probiotics, proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), statins and metformin and outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with nivolumab.

Patients And Methods: A total of 224 patients with advanced NSCLC treated at nine comprehensive cancer centers were analyzed in this national retrospective study. Survival statistics were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis.

N-Glycan profiling of lung adenocarcinoma in patients at different stages of disease.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is the most common form of lung cancer that increases in non-smokers at younger age. Altered protein glycosylation is one of the hallmarks of malignancy, its role in cancer progression is still poorly understood. In this study, we report mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of N-glycans released from fresh or defrosted tissue specimens from 24 patients with LAC.

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer as a Chronic Disease - A Prospective Study from the Czech TULUNG Registry.

Aim: To compare survival outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with modern-era drugs (antifolates, antiangiogenics, tyrosine kinase and anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy) with treatment initiation in 2011-12 and 2015-16, respectively.

Patients And Methods: Prospective data from Czech TULUNG Registry (960 patients from 2011-12 and 512 patients from 2015-16) were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); Cox proportional hazards model to assess factors associated with 2-year survival.

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of ionic content in exhaled breath condensate and pH monitoring as a non-invasive method in gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnostics.

In this study, the ionic profile and pH of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in a group of patients with acid and weakly acid reflux and no-reflux controls were compared. A portable sampler was used for non-invasive EBC collection from five exhalations. The ionic profile (anions, cations, organic acids) and pH of the collected EBC samples were measured by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection and a pH microelectrode, respectively.

Applicability of Phenylhydrazine Labeling for Structural Studies of Fucosylated N-Glycans.

Fucosylation is a common modification, and its site in glycans refers to different normal and pathological processes. Despite intensive research, there is still a lack of methods to discriminate unambiguously the fucose position in one-step. In this work, we propose utility of phenylhydrazine (PHN) labeling for structural studies of fucosylated N-glycans by tandem MALDI mass spectrometry (MS) in the positive ion mode.

Chronic Inflammation as a Potential Predictive Factor of Nivolumab Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Aim: To investigate potential associations between clinical and standard peripheral blood biomarkers and clinical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with nivolumab.

Patients And Methods: A total of 120 patients with advanced NSCLC treated at seven comprehensive cancer care centers were analyzed in this national retrospective study. Survival statistics were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis.

Achieving Thoracic Oncology data collection in Europe: a precursor study in 35 Countries.

Background: A minority of European countries have participated in international comparisons with high level data on lung cancer. However, the nature and extent of data collection across the continent is simply unknown, and without accurate data collection it is not possible to compare practice and set benchmarks to which lung cancer services can aspire.

Methods: Using an established network of lung cancer specialists in 37 European countries, a survey was distributed in December 2014.

Effects of Treatment with Crizotinib on Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma with ALK Translocation in the Czech Republic.

Background: Patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) -positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may gain significant benefit from treatment with the first-generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib. This study investigated the effects of crizotinib in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC patients via analyzing data submitted to the TULUNG registry by pneumo-oncology centers in the Czech Republic.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the data of 60 NSCLC patients submitted to the TULUNG registry by pneumo-oncology centers who had ALK translocation confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and complete data records from 2011 to 2017.

Lung cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Approximately 85 % of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers while 15 % are small cell lung cancers. Histologically, following subtypes of non-small cell cancer are distinguished: adenocarcinoma (38.

Evaluation of Important Analytical Parameters of the Peptest Immunoassay that Limit its Use in Diagnosing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Goal: To evaluate the analytical parameters of a lateral flow (LF) pepsin immunoassay (Peptest) and assess its suitability in the diagnostics of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Background: Peptest is a noninvasive assay to analyze pepsin in saliva, intended for use in GERD diagnostics. Although commercialized, fundamental studies on its performance are missing.

[Remission of steroid-resistant Stills disease treated with anakinra, evidenced by FDG-PET/CT examination: case report].

After elimination of infectious causes, neoplastic causes and the systemic autoimmune disease of connective tissue, a patient with high fevers over 39 °C was diagnosed with Stills disease. High doses of prednisone led to resolution of symptoms, however after reducing the doses of prednisone to 15 mg, high fevers over 39 °C returned, as well as joint pains. The high doses of prednisone led to decompensation of diabetes mellitus even with 4 daily insulin dosages.

[Non-small cell lung cancer].

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 80 % of diseases considering all patients with lung cancer. NSCLC comprises all histological types except for the small cell cancer. The treatment is chosen based on a clinical stage, morphological diagnosis and performance status of patients.

[Pneumonia in immunocompromised persons].

In the broadest sense, the term immunocompromised individual means a person with any impairment of infection resistance, whether it is deficiency or impairment of innate resistance (by another name impairment of non-specific resistance), or impairment of acquired resistance (impairment of specific immunity). Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients is characterized by a different microbiological spectrum. Apart from common pathogens there are also opportunistic agents involved in this group of patients.

[Nosocomial pneumonia].

Nosocomial pneumonia (hospital-acquired pneumonia - HAP) is the form of pneumonia the symptoms of which present after more than 2 days (> 48 hours) of admission to hospital or as late as 14 days of discharge from hospital. The HAP pneumonias represent 13-18 % of all nosocomial infections. Incidence of HAP is the most frequent in mechanically ventilated patients.

Carboplatin with intravenous and subsequent oral administration of vinorelbine in resected non-small-cell-lung cancer in real-world set-up.

Objectives: Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is recommended for routine use in patients with Stage IIA, IIB or IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after complete resection. Results obtained for Stage IB were not conclusive. While vinorelbine plus cisplatin is the preferred choice after resection, combining vinorelbine with carboplatin promises improved compliance and delivery of drugs due to lower toxicity.