Overview of Materials Used for the Basic Elements of Hydraulic Actuators and Sealing Systems and Their Surfaces Modification Methods.

The article is an overview of various materials used in power hydraulics for basic hydraulic actuators components such as cylinders, cylinder caps, pistons, piston rods, glands, and sealing systems. The aim of this review is to systematize the state of the art in the field of materials and surface modification methods used in the production of actuators. The paper discusses the requirements for the elements of actuators and analyzes the existing literature in terms of appearing failures and damages.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in A4GALT spur extra products of the human Gb3/CD77 synthase and underlie the P1PK blood group system.

Contrary to the mainstream blood group systems, P1PK continues to puzzle and generate controversies over its molecular background. The P1PK system comprises three glycosphingolipid antigens: Pk, P1 and NOR, all synthesised by a glycosyltransferase called Gb3/CD77 synthase. The Pk antigen is present in most individuals, whereas P1 frequency is lesser and varies regionally, thus underlying two common phenotypes: P1, if the P1 antigen is present, and P2, when P1 is absent.

Helicobacter pylori eradication as prevention against chronic peptic ulcer disease in children.

The changes caused by Helicobacter pylori are a slow, progressing inflammatory process developing from several to dozen years. H. pylori infection leads to an inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa with granulocyte infiltrates in an acute form of the inflammation, and lymphocytes, plasmatic, macrophages and eosinophils in a chronic form inducing the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer in some patients.

[Clinical assessment of schizophrenic syndrome (CASS): validity evaluation of the new diagnostic tool].

Aim: The aim of the study was an evaluation of validity measures of the CASS (Clinical Assessment of Schizophrenic Syndromes)--a new multi-purpose and multi-level clinical diagnostic instrument consisting of a diagnostic questionnaire (CASS-D) allowing to analyze a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria as well as of three rating scales designed for description and intensity evaluation of schizophrenic syndromes on the global (CASS-G), dimensional (CASS-P, a profile of 13 basic dimensions) or symptomatological (CASS-S, a set of 31 symptoms) level.

Subjects: 194 inpatients consecutively admitted to the Department within approximately 6 months were assessed twice (at the start and end of their hospitalization) by 12 trained diagnosticians.

Method: Several measures of validity were analyzed.

[Clinical assessment of schizophrenic syndromes (CASS): rationale, construction, reliability and sensitivity evaluation, and an attempt at normalization of the new diagnostic tool].

Unlabelled: The CASS (Clinical Assessment of Schizophrenic Syndromes) is a new multi-purpose and multi-level clinical diagnostic instrument consisting of a diagnostic questionnaire (CASS-D) allowing for analysis of a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria, as well as of three rating scales designed for description and intensity evaluation of schizophrenic syndromes on the global (CASS-G), dimensional (CASS-P, a profile of 13 basic dimensions) or symptomatological (CASS-S, a set of 31 symptoms) level.

Aim: The paper presents a rationale and construction principles of the tool followed by a study of its reliability and sensitivity as well as by preliminary attempt to normalize its results.

Subjects: Twelve trained diagnosticians assessed twice (at the start and end of their hospitalization) 194 inpatients admitted consecutively, within approximately 6 months, to the Department.

[Psychopathological profile of acute schizophrenic syndromes diagnosed according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria].

Diagnostic and symptomatological profiles of schizophrenic syndromes diagnosed according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV were compared. For this reason a group of patients fulfilling at least one of these sets of criteria was created and then diagnostic and symptomatological profile was compared between those who fulfilled the ICD-10 and those who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria. 105 inpatients hospitalized in acute phase of their first or one of consecutive episodes were included--102 of them had fulfilled ICD-10, and 90 DSM-IV criteria of schizophrenia.

[The evaluation of reliability and validity of a preliminary version of the Clinical Assessment of Schizophrenic Syndrome (CASS)].

Basic indices of reliability and validity of a preliminary version of the new tool for "Clinical Assessment of Schizophrenic Syndrome" (CASS) was evaluated. Six experienced psychiatrists working in two teams examined the mental state of 49 patients with clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia, in the majority of them confirmed by the criteria of DSM-IV and ICD-10 (one of the teams examined 25 patients, the other-24). Each diagnostician rated the patients' mental state independently, by means of three-level rating permitted by the CASS-CASS-G (global), CASS-D (dimensions), and CASS-S (symptoms)--as well as by means of BPRS and PANSS scale included in the study as international standard scales for validity testing.

Studies on the anti-inflammatory and immunotropic effect of gold salts.

The experiments carried out in vitro and in vivo aimed at evaluation of the effect of the selected gold salts on the experimental inflammatory reactions and cellular immune reactions, specific and nonspecific. The preparations investigated appeared to inhibit relatively weakly nonspecific inflammatory processes (granulation test, lysozym level) but to strongly inhibit the cellular immune reactions (GvH reaction, LNPF test, contact hypersensitivity). The possible mechanisms of the gold salts effect are discussed which were shown neither to consist in the stabilization of cell membranes nor to act through the thymus factors or the influence on quantitative relations between T and B lymphocytes.

Screening system for the evaluation of preparations with potential cytostatic and immunotropic activity. I. Derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-2h-pyridazinone-3.

New screening system for the evaluation of preparations with potential cytostatic and immunotropic activity has been suggested. It consists in their interaction in relation to the mitogenic activity of phytohemagglutinin. A group of preparations, derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazinone-3 was evaluated.

Studies on immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect of adriamycin.

The analysis of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect of adriamycin in vivo was carried out. Adriamycin restrains blast reaction and decreases the building in of H3 thymidine to the nucleus of lymphocytes. At the same time it decreases the number of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood but it does not influence the level of T lymphocytes.

Immunosuppressive activity of ledakrin.

The influence of the cytostatic drug Ledakrin on immunologic induction of PF and RF cells was studied. In low doses, the drug had a negligibly small effect on the numbers of PFC and RFC, but in high doses nearly entirely prevented their appearance. Cells producing IgM were more susceptible to this action than IgG-producing cells.

The course of treatment in schizophrenia in relation to the presence of affective disturbances.

The frequency and type of affective disturbances developing in schizophrenia were evaluated and their relationship to the course of the disease and results of treatment was analyzed. The studied material comprised 67 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, treated in hospital in 1973. The depressive and paranoid scores of Jaroszyński were used for evaluation of patients.