Information selection and use in hypothesis testing: what is a good question, and what is a good answer?

The process of hypothesis testing entails both information selection (asking questions) and information use (drawing inferences from the answers to those questions). We demonstrate that although subjects may be sensitive to diagnosticity in choosing which questions to ask, they are insufficiently sensitive to the fact that different answers to the same question can have very different diagnosticities. This can lead subjects to overestimate or underestimate the information in the answers they receive.

[The attitude of pregnant women to ultrasound screening. A questionnaire study].

Ultrasound screening of pregnant women is recommended by the Danish National Health Organisation only when the investigation is indicated, and not as part of routine antenatal care. The press has suggested that ultrasound examination makes pregnant women feel anxious and insecure. The attitude of the pregnant women to ultrasound screening is illustrated by a questionnaire investigation, including 220 women.

OC-125 as a diagnostic aid in the cytological evaluation of ascitic cells in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

OC-125 is a monoclonal antibody raised against tumor cells from a patient with serous cystadenocarcinoma and reacting with an antigen CA-125 on the surface of ovarian epithelial cancer cells. We investigated whether immunohistochemical determination of CA-125 in cell samples from the peritoneal cavity could be used to discriminate between non-specific inflammatory changes in the mesothelium and malignant ovarian tumour cells. Three categories of patients were investigated: patients with disseminated serous or endometrioid ovarian carcinomas, patients with non-specific inflammatory changes in the peritoneal cavity and patients subjected to simple hysterectomy with no pathological changes in the mesothelium.

Effects of leader contingent and noncontingent reward and punishment behaviors on subordinate performance and satisfaction.

This study investigated the nature of the relationships between leader reward and punishment behaviors and subordinate performance and satisfaction. Only performance-contingent reward behavior was found to affect subordinate performance significantly. Positive relationships were found between leader contingent reward behavior and employee satisfaction.