Elucidation of the intrinsic optical properties of hydrogen-bonded and protonated flavin chromophores by photodissociation action spectroscopy.

A model system of the flavin chromophore was synthesized and investigated for its intrinsic optical properties by gas phase action spectroscopy using an ion storage ring. An ammonium group was anchored to this flavin chromophore to allow its transfer to the gas phase by electrospray ionization and for studying the influence of hydrogen bonding and a nearby positive charge. According to calculations one of the hydrogen atoms of the ammonium group favorably forms an intramolecular ionic hydrogen bond to one of the oxygen atoms of the flavin chromophore, and this interaction was found to cause a blueshift of the S0 → S1 transition and a redshift of the S0 → S2 transition.

Exploring the association between parental psychiatric disease and childhood atopic dermatitis: a matched case-control study.

Background: Maternal prenatal psychiatric disease has been identified as a possible risk factor for atopic dermatitis development in her children. We quantified the associations between maternal and paternal psychiatric disease and the development of atopic dermatitis in their offspring using nationwide registries.

Methods: All children in Denmark born between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2011 who developed atopic dermatitis prior to their fifth birthday were identified and individually matched 1:10 with controls from the general population and with children receiving care in a similar ambulatory/hospital setting.

Glucose metabolism in patients with psoriasis.

Background: Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that psoriasis predisposes to type 2 diabetes. Several theories have been proposed to explain how these disease entities might be pathophysiologically connected.

Objectives: Our primary objective was to elucidate whether clinical data support the notion of common pathophysiological denominators in patients with psoriasis and type 2 diabetes, and thus to delineate the association between the two conditions that has arisen on the basis of epidemiological studies.

Translating biased signaling in the ghrelin receptor system into differential in vivo functions.

Biased signaling has been suggested as a means of selectively modulating a limited fraction of the signaling pathways for G-protein-coupled receptor family members. Hence, biased ligands may allow modulation of only the desired physiological functions and not elicit undesired effects associated with pharmacological treatments. The ghrelin receptor is a highly sought antiobesity target, since the gut hormone ghrelin in humans has been shown to increase both food intake and fat accumulation.

Increase in Vitamin D but not Regulatory T Cells following Ultraviolet B Phototherapy of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.

This study investigated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and circulating regulatory T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis receiving narrow-band ultraviolet B (nbUVB) phototherapy. Thirty adult patients with atopic dermatitis were included. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at weeks 2 and 4 of nbUVB phototherapy.

Treatment use and satisfaction among patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: results from the NORdic PAtient survey of Psoriasis and Psoriatic arthritis (NORPAPP).

Background: There are scarce data in Scandinavia about treatment satisfaction among patients with psoriasis (PsO) and/or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The number of patients receiving systemic treatment is unknown.

Objective: To describe patients' experience of treatments for PsO/PsA in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, addressing communication with physicians, satisfaction with treatment and concerns regarding treatment options.

Pregnancy complications, treatment characteristics and birth outcomes in women with atopic dermatitis in Denmark.

Background: The risk of prenatal, obstetric and birth complications in mothers with atopic dermatitis (AD), along with treatment use during pregnancy, is unknown.

Objectives: To examine the associations between prenatal, obstetric and birth complications in mothers with AD and describe the dermatologic care received during pregnancy.

Methods: Mother-child pairs, in which the mother had a history of AD, were identified through the Danish Medical Birth Registry and matched 1 : 10 with non-AD pairs.

Risk of first-time and recurrent depression in patients with psoriasis: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Psoriasis impairs quality of life, but it is unknown whether psoriasis is also an independent risk factor for depression.

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence and risk of new and recurrent depression in patients with psoriasis.

Methods: We used individual-level linkage of Danish administrative registers.

Detecting archaic introgression using an unadmixed outgroup.

Human populations outside of Africa have experienced at least two bouts of introgression from archaic humans, from Neanderthals and Denisovans. In Papuans there is prior evidence of both these introgressions. Here we present a new approach to detect segments of individual genomes of archaic origin without using an archaic reference genome.

Associations between maternal socioeconomic position and psoriasis: a cohort study among the offspring of the Danish National Birth Cohort.

Background: The socioeconomic determinants of paediatric-onset psoriasis have not been previously investigated.

Objective: To identify whether a social gradient exists for paediatric-onset psoriasis, using measures of maternal socioeconomic position.

Methods: Data on paediatric-onset psoriasis from 36 003 Danish National Birth Cohort offspring were cross-linked with nationwide registry data on maternal age and three measures of maternal socioeconomic position: maternal educational attainment, maternal labour market attachment and equivalized household income.

Contact allergy in Danish children: Current trends.

Background: Contact allergy is common in children, but may be underdiagnosed. Importantly, the clinical relevance of specific allergies is subject to constant change, and it is therefore important to continuously monitor the trends and changes of contact allergies in the paediatric population.

Objectives: To identify possible changes in contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis among Danish children referred for patch testing.

Prevalence of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis and Patient Perceptions of Severity in Sweden, Norway and Denmark: Results from the Nordic Patient Survey of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis.

Optimal clinical management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Optimal clinical management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) requires understanding of the impact on patients. The NORdic PAtient survey of Psoriasis and PsA (NORPAPP) aimed to obtain current data on disease prevalence and patient perceptions in Sweden, Denmark and Norway. Among 22,050 individuals questioned, the reported prevalence of psoriasis and/or PsA was 9.

Role of the Gut Microbiota in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review.

The immune mechanisms involved in atopic dermatitis (AD) are complex and little is known about the possible role of the gut microbiota in the aetiopathogenesis of AD. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, and included 44 of 2,199 studies (26 observational and 18 interventional studies). Detection of gut microbiota was performed by either 16s rRNA PCR, or by culture.

Pain Mechanisms and Ultrasonic Inflammatory Activity as Prognostic Factors in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To study the prognostic value of widespread pain and of musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) examination for subsequent treatment outcomes in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods: An exploratory prospective cohort study enrolled patients with PsA initiating biologic or conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in routine care. Clinical, US, and patient-reported measures were collected at baseline and after 4 months.

Cause-specific mortality in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Background: There are limited data regarding causes of mortality in patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Objectives: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk and leading causes of mortality in patients with psoriasis or PsA.

Methods: Individuals with a hospital-based diagnosis of PsA or psoriasis were identified using the Danish National Patient Registry.

Dynamic Copy Number Evolution of X- and Y-Linked Ampliconic Genes in Human Populations.

Ampliconic genes are multicopy, with the majority found on sex chromosomes and enriched for testis-expressed genes. While ampliconic genes have been associated with the emergence of hybrid incompatibilities, we know little about their copy number distribution and their turnover in human populations. Here, we explore the evolution of human X- and Y-linked ampliconic genes by investigating copy number variation (CNV) and coding variation between populations using the Simons Genome Diversity Project.

Structural insight into industrially relevant glucoamylases: flexible positions of starch-binding domains.

Glucoamylases are one of the most important classes of enzymes in the industrial degradation of starch biomass. They consist of a catalytic domain and a carbohydrate-binding domain (CBM), with the latter being important for the interaction with the polymeric substrate. Whereas the catalytic mechanisms and structures of the individual domains are well known, the spatial arrangement of the domains with respect to each other and its influence on activity are not fully understood.

The effects of season and weather on healthcare utilization among patients with atopic dermatitis.

Background: Patient-reported triggers for atopic dermatitis (AD) flares include changes in ultraviolet irradiation, humidity and temperature.

Objectives: To identify the relationships between weather data and healthcare utilization in AD patients.

Methods: Using nationwide healthcare registries, clinic (1994-2012) and hospital visits (1977-2012) for AD treatment were calculated as well as monthly totals of topical corticosteroid (TCS) (1996-2012) and calcineurin inhibitor (TCI) prescriptions (2003-20012) filled by AD patients.

Sleep disturbance in psoriasis: a case-controlled study.

Background: Sleep is essential for daytime functioning and health. Given the physical symptoms of psoriasis, a higher prevalence of sleep disorders can be expected. So far, the studies examining sleep disturbance in psoriasis have been of less-than-optimal methodological quality and with mixed results.

[Movement disorders in children and adolescents].

Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, ticlike compulsions and motoric stereotypies are all movement disorders, which start in childhood and can be difficult to differentiate. In this article, we have outlined the most important focus points on how to differentiate the conditions in order to diagnose correctly and in order to refer to proper treatment.

Natural selection interacts with recombination to shape the evolution of hybrid genomes.

To investigate the consequences of hybridization between species, we studied three replicate hybrid populations that formed naturally between two swordtail fish species, estimating their fine-scale genetic map and inferring ancestry along the genomes of 690 individuals. In all three populations, ancestry from the "minor" parental species is more common in regions of high recombination and where there is linkage to fewer putative targets of selection. The same patterns are apparent in a reanalysis of human and archaic admixture.