Germline SAMD9L truncation variants trigger global translational repression.

SAMD9L is an interferon-induced tumor suppressor implicated in a spectrum of multisystem disorders, including risk for myeloid malignancies and immune deficiency. We identified a heterozygous de novo frameshift variant in SAMD9L in an infant with B cell aplasia and clinical autoinflammatory features who died from respiratory failure with chronic rhinovirus infection. Autopsy demonstrated absent bone marrow and peripheral B cells as well as selective loss of Langerhans and Purkinje cells.

Multiplexed Functional Assessment of Genetic Variants in CARD11.

Genetic testing has increased the number of variants identified in disease genes, but the diagnostic utility is limited by lack of understanding variant function. CARD11 encodes an adaptor protein that expresses dominant-negative and gain-of-function variants associated with distinct immunodeficiencies. Here, we used a "cloning-free" saturation genome editing approach in a diploid cell line to simultaneously score 2,542 variants for decreased or increased function in the region of CARD11 associated with immunodeficiency.

Correction: Chronic Granulomatous Disease-Associated IBD Resolves and Does Not Adversely Impact Survival Following Allogeneic HCT.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained the missing author, Caridad Martinez. The authors would like to correct the list. We apologize for any inconvenience that this may have caused.

Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD): A Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) Survey.

Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD) are an expanding group of diseases caused by gene defects in several different immune pathways, such as regulatory T cell function. Patients with PIRD develop clinical manifestations associated with diminished and exaggerated immune responses. Management of these patients is complicated; oftentimes immunosuppressive therapies are insufficient, and patients may require hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) for treatment.

Eczematous dermatitis in primary immunodeficiencies: A review of cutaneous clues to diagnosis.

Primary immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDD) are a varied group of heritable disorders characterized by defects in components of the innate and/or adaptive arms of the immune system. Although diagnosing these disorders is often challenging, the skin is a readily accessible and easily assessable organ that may provide clues to a diagnosis of PIDD. Specifically, many immunodeficiencies are associated with characteristic cutaneous eruptions that, based on their morphology, distribution and symptomatology, may suggest a specific underlying diagnosis.

SCID genotype and 6-month posttransplant CD4 count predict survival and immune recovery.

The Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) performed a retrospective analysis of 662 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) who received a hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as first-line treatment between 1982 and 2012 in 33 North American institutions. Overall survival was higher after HCT from matched-sibling donors (MSDs). Among recipients of non-MSD HCT, multivariate analysis showed that the SCID genotype strongly influenced survival and immune reconstitution.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) presenting with neonatal aplastic anemia.

Aplastic anemia in the neonate is rare. We report a case of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) presenting with neonatal aplastic anemia. This report highlights the importance of considering SCID early in the evaluation of neonatal aplastic anemia prior to the development of infectious complications.

Treosulfan-based conditioning and hematopoietic cell transplantation for nonmalignant diseases: a prospective multicenter trial.

Hematopoietic cell transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with nonmalignant diseases and for many is the only known cure. Conventional myeloablative regimens have been associated with unacceptably high early transplant-related mortality (TRM), particularly in patients with comorbid conditions. This prospective multicenter trial was designed to determine the safety and engraftment efficacy of treosulfan-based conditioning in patients with nonmalignant diseases.

Transplantation outcomes for severe combined immunodeficiency, 2000-2009.

Background: The Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium was formed to analyze the results of hematopoietic-cell transplantation in children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and other primary immunodeficiencies. Factors associated with a good transplantation outcome need to be identified in order to design safer and more effective curative therapy, particularly for children with SCID diagnosed at birth.

Methods: We collected data retrospectively from 240 infants with SCID who had received transplants at 25 centers during a 10-year period (2000 through 2009).

Common variable immunodeficiency as the initial presentation of dyskeratosis congenita.

We present a case highlighting the clinical overlap between Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC). It demonstrates that DC may initially present as an isolated humoral immunodeficiency resembling CVID.

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia in a 16-year-old with Noonan syndrome: case report.

A 16-year-old man with splenomegaly presented with ascites and bilateral leg eschars. Although he had intermittently elevated absolute monocyte counts, a diagnosis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) was discounted because of his age and lack of persistent leukocytosis. Detailed examination demonstrated features consistent with Noonan syndrome (NS), including typical facies, growth retardation, a cardiac defect, and a history of a coagulopathy.

Outcomes and duration of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia therapy in infants with severe combined immunodeficiency.

This retrospective review of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) evaluated the relationship between duration of therapy to treat PCP and overall survival. We found that 80% of patients receiving only 21 days of antibiotics survived to 12 months beyond hematopoietic cell transplant, whereas only 25% of patients who required longer treatment for PCP survived to stem cell engraftment.

Stable hematopoietic cell engraftment after low-intensity nonmyeloablative conditioning in patients with immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome.

Background: Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is characterized by severe systemic autoimmunity caused by mutations in the forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) gene. Hematopoietic cell transplantation is currently the only viable option for long-term survival, but patients are frequently very ill and may not tolerate traditional myeloablative conditioning regimens.

Objective: Here we present the outcome of hematopoietic cell transplantation using a low-intensity, nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen in 2 patients with IPEX syndrome and significant pretransplant risk factors.

Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in the treatment of patients with primary immunodeficiency disease.

Antibody deficiency is the most frequently encountered primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD) and patients who lack the ability to make functional immunoglobulin require life-long replacement therapy to prevent serious bacterial infections. Human serum immunoglobulin manufactured from pools of donated plasma can be administered intramuscularly, intravenously or subcutaneously. With the advent of well-tolerated preparations of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the 1980s, the suboptimal painful intramuscular route of administration is no longer used.

Systemic Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with membranous nephropathy in children.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can cause diverse renal manifestations ranging from microscopic hematuria to acute renal failure. Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an uncommon and usually secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, and has been reported after chronic infections and antigenemia. We report two pediatric cases of secondary MN associated with acute and chronic systemic EBV infection.

Persistent perianal abscess in early infancy as a presentation of autoimmune neutropenia.

Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy is a primary, usually self-limiting, antineutrophil autoimmune phenomenon seen in infancy and early childhood. These infants are at a higher risk of infection, and early detection, particularly with the availability of newer therapeutic options such as hematopoietic growth factors, can allow close follow-up and, if needed, treatment. We report two infants with autoimmune neutropenia who presented with a persistent perianal abscess, which has not been documented previously in this population.

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a new intravenous immunoglobulin preparation, IGIV-C, 10% (Gamunex, 10%).

Background And Objectives: A new intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) process has been developed that integrates efficient inactivation of enveloped virus, using caprylate, with immunoglobulin G (IgG) purification and caprylate removal by column chromatography. Two clinical studies were conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of the new product, IGIV-C, 10% (Gamunex, 10%), formulated with glycine, with the licensed solvent-detergent (SD)-treated intravenous immunoglobulin IGIV-SD, 10% (Gamimune N, 10%), formulated with glycine, and IGIV-C, 5%, formulated with 10% maltose.

Materials And Methods: Both studies were randomized, multicentre crossover trials of 18 and 20 (respectively) adult patients with primary humoral immune deficiency in which patients received one IGIV product for three consecutive periods (3-4 weeks) before crossing over to the other product.

Pleiotropic defects in lymphocyte activation caused by caspase-8 mutations lead to human immunodeficiency.

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is controlled by aspartate-specific cysteine proteases called caspases. In the immune system, apoptosis counters the proliferation of lymphocytes to achieve a homeostatic balance, which allows potent responses to pathogens but avoids autoimmunity. The CD95 (Fas, Apo-1) receptor triggers lymphocyte apoptosis by recruiting Fas-associated death domain (FADD), caspase-8 and caspase-10 proteins into a death-inducing signalling complex.

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) therapy for acute cardiac humoral rejection: a case report.

Humoral or antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplant recipients is mediated by donor-specific cytotoxic antibodies and is histologically defined by linear deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in the myocardial capillaries. Antibody-mediated rejection often is accompanied by hemodynamic compromise and is associated with reduced long-term graft survival. Standard immunosuppression, designed to target T cell immune function, is largely ineffective against this B cell-driven process.

Treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease with induction chemotherapy followed by haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and Rituximab.

Management of monoclonal lymphoproliferative disease following stem cell transplantation is difficult and previous attempts to eradicate tumor using chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone have not been successful. We report successful early eradication of an EBV negative, B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a child who received a T cell-depleted, maternal haploidentical bone marrow transplant for severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Our treatment strategy involved combining conventional induction chemotherapy with re-transplantation using the paternal donor as a source of peripheral blood stem cells, followed by treatment with anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab).